Zvinozivikanwa zvakanyanya muruzivo rwezvinocherwa mumatongo kuti budiriro yakatanga muIraq, muMesopotamia yekare, nebudiriro yakakura yeSumer. Kune, zvisinei, kuwanikwa kwekuchera matongo panzvimbo yeAl Ubaid yekuchera matongo, uko kwakawanikwa zvinhu zvakawanda zvisati zvaitika zveSumerian 7,000-makore zvinoratidza zvisikwa zvehunoid zvine madzvinyu. Hongu, tiri kutaura pamusoro pezviumbwa zvechokwadi zvechirume nechikadzi zvinokambaira zvinoonekwa mune zvakasiyana siyana.
Ubaidian budiriro
Kubudirira kweUbaidian yaive tsika yekare yeMesopotamia yaivepo pakati pe4500-4000 BCE. Kwakabva maUbaidians, seaya evaSumeri, haazivikanwi. Vaigara mumisha mikuru yemisha mudzimba dzakavakwa nevhu uye vaiva nounyanzvi hwokuvaka, kurima, uye kurima kwekudiridza.
Dzimba hombe dzakaumbwa saT, zvivanze zvakakura, nzira dzakagadzirwa nematombo, uye michina yekugadzira chikafu zvese zvaive chikamu chemapurani epamba. Dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzekugara idzi dzakakura kuita maguta, uye tembere uye zvivakwa zvakakura zvakatanga kuoneka, senge muEridu, Uri, uye Uruk, nzvimbo dzinokosha dzeSumerian Civilization. Uri yaifungidzirwa kuva guta rekutanga, maererano nemabhuku evaSumeri.
Udza Al'Ubaid ndiyo nzvimbo huru uko zvakawanikwa zvisinganzwisisike, zvisinei zvidhori zvakawanikwawo kuUri neEridu. Muna 1919, Harry Reginald Hal ndiye akatanga kuchera saiti. Iyo Al'Ubaid saiti ine diki diki ingangoita hafu yekiromita dhayamita uye maviri metres pamusoro pevhu.
Iyo isinganzwisisike dhiziri mifananidzo
Mifananidzo yechirume neyechikadzi yakawanikwa mune akasiyana poses, neakawanda ezvimifananidzo airatidzika kunge akapfeka ngowani uye aine rumwe rudzi rwekupenda pamapfudzi. Zvimwe zvimiro zvakawanikwa zvakabata mudonzvo kana tsvimbo, zvingangodaro sechiratidzo cheruramisiro nechiremera. Chimiro chega chega chine chimiro chakasiyana, asi chakanyanya kushamisa ndechekuti zvimwe zvidhori zvevakadzi zvinobata vacheche vanoyamwisa mukaka, mwana achangoburwa anoratidzwa sechisikwa chakaita sedzvinyu.
Iwo manhamba ane misoro mirefu, maziso akafanana nemaamondi, kumeso kutetepa kumeso, uye mhino yakaita sedzvinyu. Hazvina kujeka izvo zvavanofanirwa kumiririra. Maitiro avo, senge munhukadzi mufananidzo kuyamwisa, hazvireve kuti zvaive zvinhu zvemhemberero, sekureva kwevanochera matongo.
Kunyangwe tichiziva kuti nyoka yaive mucherechedzo wakatanhamara mumarudzi mazhinji kuratidza vanaMwari vakasiyana siyana, vazhinji vanochera matongo vanodavira kuti zvisikwa zvakaita sedzvinyu hazvina kunamatwa savanamwari. Saka, zvii zvidhori zvemadzvinyu zvaifanirwa kumiririra?
Chero zvavaive, vaitaridzika kunge vakakosha kuvaUbaidians vekare. Sekutaura kwaWilliam Bramley, Nyoka yaive mucherechedzo wakakurumbira waishandiswa mumarudzi akasiyana siyana kuratidza vazhinji vavamwari, vakadai saMwari weSumerian. Enki, uye nyoka yakazogamuchirwa sechiratidzo cheHama dzeNyoka. Pane here kubatana pakati pechiratidzo chenyoka uye nemiririri yemadzvinyu?
Zvisikwa zvakafanana zvakaonekwa mutsika dzakawanda pasi rese
Vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora nyaya iyi uye vakawana pfungwa inonakidza. Tinoziva kuti iyo Hopi MaIndia okuchamhembe kweArizona ane ngano dzinotangira mazana amakore pamusoro pe“Snake Brothers” vavo vachivaka maguta ari pasi pevhu muArizona, Mexico, uye Central America. Uyezve, Mwari weToltec Mayan weGucumatz pane dzimwe nguva ainzi “nyoka youchenjeri,” iyo yaiva norutivi mukudzidzisa vanhu.
The Cheroki uye mamwe maNative American madzinza ane nyaya nezve nhangemutange yezvinokambaira futi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kwaisazove kusvetuka kuti vatende kuti vangadai vakaita zvakafanana mune mamwe matunhu epasi.
MuIndia, zvinyorwa zvishoma uye tsika dzinotaura nezvevaNaga, zvisikwa zvinokambaira zvinogara pasi pevhu uye zvinowanzo shamwaridzana nevanhu. Zvinyorwa zveIndia zvakare zvinotaura nezveboka revarume vanozivikanwa sa "Sarpa," rudzi rwezvipuka rune mhuno senge nyoka nemakumbo enyoka.
Ngano dzeKappa, chinokambaira humanoid, inogona kunzwika muJapan yese. KuMiddle East, uko zvakavezwa zvakavezwa, kune zvakare humbowo hwerudzi rwezvinokambaira, pamwe nevakadzvinyirirwa vakaita sevanhu vanobva kuJinn kusvika kumadragoni nevarume venyoka. Mujaho wenyoka unotsanangurwa zvakadzama mune rakarasika Bhuku raJasher.
Ndivanaani vasinganzwisisike dzvinyu vanhu?
Vanhu vazhinji vanoyeuchidzwa nezvechinhu chakamhanya mumagazini yaJanuary 27 yeLos Angeles Times pavanonzwa nezve izvi zvivezwa. Musoro wenyaya waiti, “Guta Revanhu Vemaperembudzi Iri Kuvhimwa.”
Iro zano rinotenderedza guta rakarasika kwenguva refu remakomba ane hupfumi husingayerike uye zvinyorwa zvemhando yepamusoro yevanhu. G. Warren Shufelt, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze uye injiniya wemigodhi, akabatikana nekufukunura guta rakavigwa pasi peFort Moore Hill netarisiro yekuburitsa zvakavanzika zvevanhu veLizard.
VaShufelt vakafunga kuti zvakavanzwa mumakomba aya paive nemahwendefa egoridhe aive akatakura ruzivo rwaizoratidza kuti runobatsira kurudzi rwevanhu, seVanhu veChidzvinyu vaive nehunyanzvi hwekugona kupfuura vanhu vezvino. Aive nechokwadi chekuti akachera gomba remamita mazana maviri muvhu.
VaShufelt vakashandisa redhiyo X-rays kunyora izvo zvavaifunga kuti ndizvo zvaiitwa nematanho eguta rekare. Makamuri mahombe mumakamuri emakomo ari pamusoro peguta rema labyrinths aigara 1000 yemhuri.
Akanga asina chokwadi kuti mhatsa yemhangura yaimbove yevanhu veChidzvinyu kusvikira aona Mukuru Mukuru Greenleaf muimba yemishonga yemaIndia eHopi. VaShufelt vaive nechokwadi chekuti vaive vawana rimwe remadhorobha anogara madzvinyu epasi pevhu mushure mekunge Chief Greenleaf vavaudza nezvawo. Kutaura zvazviri, VaShufelt vakatoona kuti guta racho pacharo rakanga rakafanana nedzvinyu pashure pokunge vaongorora marongerwo aiita migero yacho.
Zvinoenderana nengano, Rizard Vanhu vaive nekamuri imwe yakakosha yaishanda sedhairekitori kunzvimbo dzese dzeguta. Pamusoro pezvo, ngano iyi inotaura kuti zvese zvinyorwa zveguta zvaifanira kuchengetwa pamahwendefa egoridhe akareba mamita mana uye gumi nemana pakureba.
Mashoko ekupedzisira
Nepo sainzi yakajairwa ichiramba pfungwa yemujaho weReptile, havakwanisi kuwana tsananguro iri nani yezvifananidzo izvi zvine makore zviuru zvinomwe. Avo vedu vanofunga kunze kwebhokisi tinotenda kuti chirahwe chakawanda chakatogadziriswa.
