Muna 1908, chiitiko chisinganzwisisike chinonzi Tunguska Chiitiko chakaita kuti denga ripfute uye miti inodarika mamiriyoni makumi masere idonha. Tsananguro inowirirana zvikuru inovimbisa kuti yakanga iri meteorite; zvisinei, kushaikwa kwegomba munzvimbo yekukanganisa kwakamutsa marudzi ese edzidziso.
Chakavanzika cheTunguska Chiitiko
Gore rega rega, iyo Nyika inoputirwa nematanhatu ematani emameteorite anowira mumhepo. Mazhinji haanyanyi kusvika gumi nemaviri magiramu muhukuru uye madiki zvekuti anozoonekwa asingaonekwe. Zvimwe zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera kupenya mudenga rehusiku izvo zvinonyangarika mune imwe nyaya yemasekondi, asi… ko mameteorite ane mukana wekutsvaira dunhu repasi?
Kunyangwe hazvo chiitiko cheasteroid chazvino chichigona kukonzera nyonganiso yepasi rose chakatanga makore emamirioni makumi matanhatu nemashanu, mangwanani emusi wa65 Chikumi, 30, kuputika kunoparadza kwakazivikanwa sechiitiko cheTunguska kwakazunungusa Siberia nesimba remabhomba eatomu mazana matatu.
Nguva dzakapoterera nguva yechinomwe mangwanani, moto mukuru wakapfura nepadenga pamusoro penzvimbo yepakati yeSiberia, nzvimbo isingafadzi iyo masango eeconiferous anotora nzira kuenda kumatundra uye pekugara kwevanhu kushomeka.
Mune masekondi mashoma, kupisa kukuru kwakapisa denga uye kuputika kunovhara kwakapedza miti inodarika mamirioni makumi masere munzvimbo ine makiromita 80 2,100 emusango.
Chiitiko ichi chakakonzera kushamisika uko, sekureva kweNASA, kwakanyorwa nema barometers muEurope nekurova vanhu kupfuura mamaira makumi mana. Kwehusiku huviri hunotevera, iro husiku denga rakaramba rakavhenekerwa muAsia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekuoma kwekuwana nzvimbo yacho uye kusavapo kwemataundi ari pedyo, hapana kufambisa kwakasvika kunzvimbo iyi mumakore gumi nematatu anotevera.
Yakanga isiri kusvika muna 1921 apo Leonid Kulik, musayendisiti paSt. zvisinei, kusagadzikana kwenzvimbo kwakatungamira kukundikana kwerwendo.
Muna 1927, Kulik akatungamira imwe nzendo iyo yakazosvika kuzviuru zvemakiromita akapiswa uye akashamisika, chiitiko ichi hachina kusiya chakakonzera crater, inongova nharaunda yemakiromita mana pakureba pakange pamire miti, asi isina matavi, hapana kuhukura. Pakatenderedza, zviuru zvemimwe miti yakadonhedzwa yakaratidzira epicenter kwemamaira, asi zvinoshamisa, pakanga pasina humbowo hwegomba kana marara emarara munzvimbo iyi.
"Denga rakatsemuka nepakati uye moto wakaonekwa kumusoro"
Pasinei nekuvhiringidzika, kuedza kwaKulik kwakakwanisa kuputsa mararamiro evatorwa, avo vakapa uchapupu hwekutanga hweTunguska Chiitiko.
Nhoroondo ya S. Semenov, chapupu chakaona uyo aive makiromita makumi matanhatu kubva pakakanganiswa uye akabvunzurudzwa naKulik, ndiye anogona kunge ari mukurumbira uye ane ruzivo rwekuputika.
` kutsemuka mudenga kwakakura uye divi rese rekuchamhembe rakafukidzwa nemoto.
Panguva iyoyo ndakapisa zvekuti ndakatadza kuzvishingisa, senge hembe yangu yanga ichitsva; kubva kudivi rekuchamhembe, kwaive nemoto, kwakauya kupisa kukuru. Ini ndaida kubvarura hembe yangu ndokuikanda pasi, asi ipapo denga rakavharwa uye kurira kukuru kwakarira ndikakandwa tsoka shoma.
Ndakarasikirwa nehana kwekanguva, asi mukadzi wangu akabva amhanya ndokunditora akaenda neni kumba (…) Denga parakavhurika, mhepo inopisa yaimhanya pakati pedzimba, senge kubva mumakorongo, akasiya zvisaririra pasi semigwagwa, uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvaive kukuvara. Gare gare takaona kuti mahwindo mazhinji aive akaputswa uye mudura, chikamu chekiyi yesimbi chakatsemuka. ”
Mumakore gumi akatevera, pakanga paine dzimwe nzendo nhatu kunzvimbo iyi. Kulik akawana akawanda madhodzi e "pothole" bogs, imwe neimwe iri 10 kusvika 50 metres dhayamita, iyo yaaifunga kuti inogona kunge iri meteoric crater.
Mushure mekuita basa rakaoma mukudonhedza rimwe remabhogi aya - iro rinonzi "Suslov's crater", 32 metres muhupamhi - akawana chigutsa chemuti chekare pasi, achibvisa mukana wekuti yaive meteoric crater. Kulik haana kumbobvira aona chikonzero chaicho cheTunguska Chiitiko.
Tsanangudzo kune Chiitiko cheTunguska
NASA inoona Chiitiko cheTunguska sechinyorwa chega chemeteoroid hombe ichipinda Panyika munguva dzazvino. Zvakadaro, kweanopfuura makore zana, tsananguro dzekusavepo kwe crater kana meteorite zvinhu panzvimbo yezvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzeresa zvakakurudzira mazana emapepa esainzi uye dzidziso dzezvakaitika chaizvo kuTunguska.
Iyo vhezheni inogamuchirwa kwazvo nhasi inovimbisa kuti mangwanani emusi wa30 Chikumi, 1908, dombo remuchadenga rinosvika mamita makumi matatu nepakati rakapinda mumhepo yepasi nekumhanya kwemakumi mashanu emakumi mashanu emakiromita paawa, inokwana kusvika tembiricha yemakumi maviri nemana emadhigirii celsius.
Iyi tsananguro inovimbisa kuti iyo fireball yakavhenekera denga haina kusangana nepamusoro penyika, asi yakaputika makiromita masere kukwira, zvichikonzera kushamisika wave kunotsanangura njodzi uye mamirioni emiti yadonha munzvimbo yeTunguska.
Uye kunyangwe dzimwe dzidziso dzinokatyamadza dzisina rutsigiro rwakasimba rwesainzi dzichifunga kuti chiitiko cheTunguska chingadai chakakonzerwa nekuputika kweantimatter kana kuumbwa kwegomba dema dema, fungidziro nyowani yakagadzirirwa muna 2020 inonongedzera kutsananguro dzakasimba.
Maererano nekudzidza kwakabudiswa mu Royal Nyanzvi Yemuchadenga, chiitiko cheTunguska chaicho chakakonzerwa nemeteorite; zvisinei, raive dombo rakaumbwa nedare rakasvika mazana maviri emamita nekukwesha Nyika pasi pechinhambwe chemakiromita gumi isati yaenderera nekutenderera kwayo, ichisiya kushamisika kwehukuru hwakakura mukumuka kwayo kwakakonzera kuti denga ripise uye mamirioni yemiti yaizotemwa.
Kuputika kweTunguska kunokonzerwa nevatorwa?
Muna 2009, mumwe musayendisiti weRussia anoti vatorwa vakadzika pasi meteorite makore gumi nemapfumbamwe apfuura kuchengetedza nyika yedu kubva mukuparadzwa. Yuri Lavbin akati awana macristal equartz asina kujairika panzvimbo yekuputika kukuru kweSiberia. Makristaro gumi aive nemakomba mukati mawo, akaiswa kuitira kuti matombo abatanidzwe muketani, uye mamwe ave nemadhirowa paari.
"Hatina matekinoroji anogona kudhinda mifananidzo yakadai pamakristasi," akadaro Lavbin. "Takawana zvakare ferrum silicate isingagone kugadzirwa chero kupi, kunze kwechadenga. ”
Iyi yakanga isiri nguva yokutanga UFO ichinzi inosanganisirwa nechiitiko cheTunguska nemasayendisiti. Muna 2004, nhengo dzesainzi yekufambisa kweSiberia state foundation "Tunguska Space Phenomenon" yakataura kuti yakanga yakwanisa kufumura matombo echinhu chekunze kwenyika, chakadonhera pasi pano muna Chikumi 30, 1908.
Rwendo urwu, rwakarongedzwa neSiberian Public State Foundation "Tunguska Space Phenomenon" yakapedza basa rayo pachiitiko cheTunguska meteorite kudonha muna Nyamavhuvhu 9, 2004. Kuenda kunzvimbo iyi kwaitungamirirwa nemifananidzo yemuchadenga, vatsvagurudzo vakaongorora nzvimbo yakakura munzvimbo padyo nemusha wePoligusa wezvikamu zvechinhu chemuchadenga chakarova pasi pasi muna 1908.
Uye zvakare, nhengo dzekufambisa dzakawana izvo zvinonzi "mhembwe" ― ibwe, iro Tunguska zvapupu zvekuona zvakadzokororwazve munyaya dzadzo. Vanoongorora vakaendesa chidimbu che50-kilogram cheibwe kuguta reKrasnoyarsk kuti riongororwe uye kuongororwa. Hapana mitezo inotevera kana ongororo inogona kuwanikwa panguva yekutsvaga internet.
mhedziso
Zvisinei nekuferefetwa kusingaverengeke, iyo inonzi Tunguska Chiitiko inoramba iri imwe yenhema dzezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri - dzakatorwa nevasinganzwisisike, vanofarira UFO nemasayendisiti sehumbowo hwevamwari vane hasha, hupenyu hwekunze kwenyika kana kutyisidzira kuri kuuya kwekurovera kwepasi.
