Chitendero netsika zvaive zvakakosha mukukosha muhupenyu hwevanhu vemuMexico, uye pakati peizvi, chibairo chevanhu chinomira pachena, chipiro chakanyanya chingaitwe kuna vamwari.
Kunyangwe chibayiro chevanhu chaisave chiitiko chega cheMexicoa asi yenzvimbo yese yeMesoamerican, zvinobva kwavari kuti isu tine ruzivo rwakanyanya, vese kubva kune vemo neveSpanish vanyori venhoroondo. Iyi tsika, mukuwedzera kune iyo pasina mubvunzo yakabata pfungwa yavo, yakashandiswa neyekupedzisira seimwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zveKukunda.
Zvese zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa muNahuatl neSpanish, pamwe neiyo iconography yaive muzvinyorwa zvemifananidzo, zvinotsanangura zvakadzama marudzi akasiyana ezvibairo zvevanhu zvaiitwa muMexico-Tenochtitlan, guta guru reMexico.
Chibayiro chevanhu cheMexico
Imwe yenyaya dzinowanzoitika dzekutsvaira mutsika dzeAztec kwaive kubviswa kwemoyo wemunhu akabatwa. Mukundi wechiSpanish Hernán Cortés nevarume vake pavakasvika pamuzinda weAztec weTenochtitlán muna 1521, vakatsanangura kupupurira chiitiko chinotyisa. VaAztec vapirisita, vachishandisa reza-inopinza obsidian mashizha, vaicheka kuvhura zvipfuva zvevaya vakapira zvibairo uye vopa moyo yavo ichiri kurova kuna vamwari. Vakabva vakanda miviri yevasina hupenyu pasi pematanho eiyo yakareba Templo Mayor.
Muna 2011, munyori wenhoroondo Tim Stanley akanyora kuti:
Nhamba iyoyo inopokana, zvakadaro. Vamwe vanoti vashoma sevane zviuru zvina vakabayirwa panguva yainyatso kuve kutsvenesa kweTemplo Mayor muna 4,000.
3 marudzi e'tsika dzine ropa '
Mune pre-Hispanic Mexico, uye kunyanya pakati pevaAztec, marudzi matatu etsika dzekuteura ropa dzine chekuita nemunhu dzaiitwa: kuzvipira kana kuita tsika dzekubuda ropa, tsika dzinoenderana nehondo nezvibayiro zvezvekurima. Ivo havana kufunga sechibayiro chevanhu seboka chairo, asi vakaumba chikamu chakakosha chetsika yakasarudzwa.
Zvibayiro zvevanhu zvaiitwa kunyanya panguva yemitambo pakarenda remwedzi gumi nemasere, mwedzi wega wega nemazuva makumi maviri, uye zvaienderana nehumwe huMwari. Iyi tsika yaive nebasa rayo kupinzwa kwemunhu mune chinoyera uye yakashandira kuzivisa kwake kuisirwa mune imwe nyika yakadai seiya inoenderana nedenga kana yepasi, uye nekuda kweizvi, zvaive zvakafanira kuve neyakavharirwa uye kuita tsika .
Zvivharo zvakashandiswa zvakaratidza hunhu hwakasiyana siyana, kubva pakasikwa pakagadzika pagomo kana chikomo, sango, rwizi, lagoon kana cenote (mune maMayan), kana iwo akange akavakirwa akaitirwa chinangwa ichi sematembere nemapiramidhi. Panyaya yeMexicoa kana maAztec atove muguta reTenochtitlan, vaive neGreater Temple, iyo Macuilcall I kana Macuilquiahuitl kwaiwanzobayirwa vasori vemaguta evavengi, uye misoro yavo yaipindirwa padanda.
Shongwe yemadehenya: Zvitsva zvitsva
Mukupera kwegore ra2020, vanochera matongo kubva kuMexico National Institute of Anthropology uye Nhoroondo (INAH) vaive mukati memoyo weMexico City iyo yekunze façade uye yekumabvazuva kweshongwe yemadehenya, Huey Tzompantli de Tenochtitlan. Muchikamu chino cheshongwe, atari uko misoro yaive ichine ropa revatapi vakabayirwa yakarovererwa pamberi pevanhu kuti vakudze vanamwari, 119 dehenya remunhu raonekwa, zvichiwedzera kune mazana mana nemakumi mana akambowanikwa.
Pakati pezvasara zvakawanikwa kubva panguva yeAztec Humambo, humbowo hwezvibayiro zvevakadzi nevana vatatu (zvidiki uye nemeno achiri kukura) zvaonekwa, sezvo mapfupa avo akasimbirwa muchimiro. Aya dehenya rakafukidzwa nerimu, ichiumba chikamu chechivako chiri padyo naMayor Templo, imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekunamatira muTenochtitlán, guta guru reAztec.
Huei Tzompantli
Chimiro, chinonzi Huei Tzompantli, chakatanga kuwanikwa muna 2015 asi chinoramba chichiongororwa nekudzidza. Pakutanga, huwandu hwemazana makumi mana nemasere ehumwe hwakange hwazivikanwa munzvimbo ino mavambo ayo akadzokera kumashure kunguva yakatangira pakati pa484 na1486.
Vanochera matongo vanotenda kuti saiti iyi yaive chikamu chetembere yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari weAztec wezuva, hondo, uye kupira kwevanhu. Ivo zvakare vakatsanangura kuti zvisaririra zvimwe ndezvevana, varume nevakadzi vakaurayiwa panguva dzechibairo tsika.
Huey Tzompantli akaisa kutya mukukunda kweSpain
Kufungisisa Huey Tzompantli kwakapinza kutya muSpanish vakundi apo, pasi pekutumwa kwaHernán Cortés, vakatapa guta muna 1521 ndokugumisa humambo hweAztec hwaive nesimba rese. Kushamisika kwake kwakaonekwa mumagwaro enguva yacho (sezvakambotaurwa). Vanyori vacho vanorondedzera mashongedzo aiita misoro yakadimburwa yevarwi vakatapwa tzompantli (“tzontli” zvinoreva 'musoro' kana 'dehenya' uye "pantli" zvinoreva 'mutsara').
Ichi chinhu chinowanzoitika mune dzinoverengeka tsika dzeMesoamerica pamberi peSpanish kukunda. Nyanzvi dzekuchera matongo dzakaona zvikamu zvitatu zvekuvakwa kweshongwe, kubva pakati pa1486 na1502. Asi kucherwa uku mumatumbu eguta rekare reMexico, iro rakatanga mugore ra2015, kunoratidza kuti mufananidzo waive wakachengetwa kusvika parizvino wanga usiri wezvose zvakakwana.
Iwo dehenya raizove rakaiswa mushongwe mushure mekuratidzwa pachena mutzompantli. Ichipima ingangosvika mashanu metres muhupamhi, iyo shongwe yakamira pakona yechechi yeHuitzilopochtli, mwari weAztec wezuva, hondo, uye kuzvipira kwevanhu uyo aive mubati weguta guru reAztec.
Hapana mubvunzo kuti chivakwa ichi chaive chikamu cheimwe yedzimba dze dehenya dzakataurwa naAndrés de Tapia, musoja weSpain aiperekedza Cortés. Tapia akatsanangura kuti paive nemakumi ezviuru emadehenya mune yakazozivikanwa seHuey Tzompantli. Nyanzvi dzakatowana mazana makumi matanhatu nenatanhatu uye zviri pachena kuti nhamba iyi ichawedzera sekuchera kuri kufambira mberi.
Mashoko ekupedzisira
MaAztec akatonga pakati peiyo yava Mexico pakati pezana ramakore rechi14 nerechi 16. Asi nekudonha kweTenochtitlan pamaoko evarwi veSpanish nevatsigiri vavo vemunharaunda, mazhinji echikamu chekupedzisira chekuvaka chivakwa chechiitiko chakaparadzwa. Zvinonyorwa nevanochera matongo nhasi zvidimbu zvakaputswa uye zvakavharwa kubva pamatombo enhoroondo yeAztec.
