Muongorori Jared Diamond mubhuku rake Kubvaruka (2005), vakafungidzira kuti kubviswa kwehuswa uye kuwandisa kwemakonzo kwakakonzera kukukurwa kukuru, kushomeka kwezviwanikwa uye chikafu, uye, pakupedzisira, kupunzika kweRapanui Society yeEaster Island - fungidziro inotendwa nevazhinji vevanonyanya kutsvaga.
Asi chidzidzo chitsva paPamberi peIsita Island (Rapa Nui) chakaitwa nechikwata chenyika dzese chemasayendisiti uye vanochera matongo kubva kuMosesgaard Museum muAarhus, Denmark; iyo University of Kiel, kuGermany, uye iyo Pompeu Fabra University yeBarcelona, kuSpain, vakawana chimwe chinhu kubva panjanji. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeichi chitsuwa, vakawana akateedzana emakuva ekare anochengeta maronda ered pigment mukati.
Iyo nyowani data yakapihwa neichi chidzidzo, chakaburitswa mumagazini Holocene, inoratidza kuti nyaya yeRapanui-kudonha ingadai yakaitika neimwe nzira. Vanotsvagurudza vanoti kugadzirwa kweiyo tsvuku pigment kwakaramba kuri chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu hwetsika wevagari vePascua kunyangwe paine shanduko huru muecosystem uye nharaunda.
Iyo inoshamisa pigment kugadzirwa
Isita Island inozivikanwa mupasi rose kunyanya nekuda kweiyo hombe mifananidzo-yakafanana nezvidhori zvevanhu, moai, mumiriri wemadzitateguru evaRapanui vanhu. Asi pamusoro pezvivezwa, vagari veEaster Island vakagadzira zvakare ruvara rutsvuku.
Nepo kuvapo kweiyi pigment kwaitozivikanwa nevatsvakurudzi, kwayakabva uye maitiro ekugadzira angave asina kujeka. Mumakore achangopfuura, vanochera matongo vakafukunura uye vakaita zvidzidzo zvesainzi munzvimbo ina dzemakomba, zvichiratidza kuti kwaive nekugadzirwa kukuru kwemavara pachiwi.
Makomba ari paIsita akapfuma muzvakanaka kwazvo zvikamu zvesimbi oxides, hematite uye maghemite, zvicherwa zvine ruvara rwakatsvuka. Ongororo yeJeochemical yakaitwa pama microcarbon uye phytoliths (zvisaririra zvemiti yemiti) zvinoratidza kuti zvicherwa zvaipisa, pamwe nekuwana rakapenya. Mamwe emakomba akavharwa, izvo zvaizoratidza kuti aishandiswa zvese mukugadzira nekuchengetedza idzi pigments.
Iwo ma phytoliths anowanikwa mumakomba eEaster Island anouya kunyanya kubva kuPanicoideae, zvirimwa zvemhuri yehuswa. Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti idzi phytoliths dzakashandiswa sechikamu chemafuta anoshandiswa kupisa pigments.
Makuva akaferefetwa pachitsuwa ichi ari pakati pe1200 na1650. KuVaipú Este, nzvimbo yakawanikwa makuva mazhinji, vaongorori vakaona kuti mazhinji awo aive akawanikwa midzi yemichindwe, pamwe nePoike, uko kumwe guva rakawanikwa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemavara kwakaitika mushure mekuchenesa uye kupisa kwembesa yechinyakare.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kunyangwe hazvo huswa hwemuchindwe hwakanga hwanyangarika, huwandu hwevanhu vekare veIsita Island vakaramba vachigadzira pigment, uye pamwero wakakura. Chokwadi ichi chinopesana neyakambofungidzirwa yekuti kubviswa kwehuswa kwakakonzera kuparara kwevanhu. Kuwanikwa uku kunotipa ruzivo rwutsva mukuchinja kwevanhu kuti vakwanise kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisira, iyo mibvunzo inosara, ko vanhu veRapanui vakatsakatika sei kubva kuchitsuwa ichocho? Sei vakanyangarika kamwe kamwe? Zvakare, pane mibvunzo yakati wandei nezve yavo chaiyo mavambo, hazvisati zvichizivikanwa pachitsuwa kwavakabva. Zvemagariro uye zvetsika kubva kumativi ese, ivo vakaratidza huchenjeri uye hukuru munhoroondo, asi kutsakatika kwavo kamwe kamwe pasina kana trace kunoramba kuri chakavanzika chikuru kusvikira nhasi. Iye zvino, maziso edu anogona kungoona zvimwe zvezvivezwa zvinotungamira uye mhizha dzakasiiwa nechaunga chikuru ichi chinotifadza nekutishamisa kunyangwe nhasi.
