James Marion Sims - Murume wesainzi wekukakavadzana kukuru, nekuti kunyangwe hazvo aive akakwirira mumunda wezvekurapa uye zvakanyanyisa mune zvevakadzi, kune vakawanda ariwo muipi wechokwadi nekuda kwekuyedza kwake kusine tsika nevasikana vasikana.
Zvinonzi mukunopera kwema1850, J. Marion Sims akatenga vakadzi vakadzi vatema uye akaashandisa seguinea yenguruve pakuedza kwake kwekuvhiya kusati kwayedzwa. Aigara achivhiya nhengo dzepabonde kuvakadzi vatema vasina Anesthesia nekuti sekutaura kwake, "Vakadzi vatema havanzwe kurwadziwa." Kunyangwe paakaedzwa zvisina hunhu pavakadzi vatema, Sims akatumidzwa zita rekuti "Baba veazvino Gynecology", uye chifananidzo chake chakamira kunze kweNew York Academy yeMedicine kusvika chabviswa muna Kubvumbi 2018, zvichitevera kuratidzira munyika yese pamusoro pezvifananidzo zveConfederate.
James Marion Sims - Ivo Baba Vemazuva Ano Gynecology
Chiremba weAmerica James Marion Sims (1813-1883) aive, pasina mubvunzo, chiremba akakosha wezana ramakore rechi19, achizviona nhasi sababa uye muvambi wemazuvano gynecology. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akatanga kuvhiya kwakaringana uye kwakabudirira kwevevico-kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi fistula, chinetso chinotyisa chekurapa chakanangana nekuzvara, chakakonzerwa pakati pebhandara nemukadzi izvo zvinokonzeresa kusagadzikana kweweti nguva dzose.
Marion Sims nokudaro akakwanisa kugadzirisa chinetso chekurapa icho chakakanganisa zvakanyanya mamirioni evakadzi munhoroondo yese, chimwe chinhu icho vanachiremba vazhinji vakaferefeta nekutsvaga vasina kubudirira kusvika panguva iyoyo. Achirumbidzwa nekuyemurwa segamba mune zvekuvhiya, mukurumbira waSims hauna kutora kupunzika kunyangwe muzana rino ramakore, apo mafomu uye nzira dzakashandiswa nachiremba kuvandudza kufambira mberi kwake dzakazivikanwa, zvichirwiswa nenzira kwayo nekushaikwa kwetsika. yemaitiro ayo.
J. Marion Sims 'Kuita kwaive Kwakadzika midzi Mune Yekutengesa Varanda
Akazvarwa muLancaster County, South Carolina muna 1813, James Marion Sims akapinda basa rezvekurapa apo vanachiremba vasina kuzoita kosi imwechete yakaoma uye kudzidziswa kwavanoita nhasi. Mushure mekunangana nachiremba, kutora kosi yemwedzi mitatu uye kudzidza kwegore kuJefferson Medical College, Sims akatanga kuita kwake muLancaster. Akazotamira kuMontgomery, Alabama, achitsvaga kutanga patsva mushure mekufa kwevarwere vake vaviri vekutanga.
Makanga muri muMontgomery umo Marion Sims akavaka mukurumbira wake pakati pevapfumi, varidzi vemapurazi machena nekurapa yavo midziyo yevanhu. Pakati pa1845 na1849, akaita maoparesheni akasiyana siyana kuvaranda vechikadzi vemuAmerica zvakaita kuti vatambure zvakanyanya. Mune mamwe mazwi, tsika yaSims yakanga yakadzika midzi mukutengesa varanda.
Sims akavaka chipatara chemunhu sere mumoyo wedunhu rekutengesa muMontgomery. Kunyangwe kuchengetwa kwakawanda kuchiitika kuminda, dzimwe nyaya dzakaomarara dzakaunzwa kuna vanachiremba vakaita saSims avo vaibata vashandi vakavezwa kuitira kuti vagone kuburitsa - uye kubereka - vatenzi vavo zvakare. Zvikasadaro, zvaive zvisina basa kune varidzi vazvo.
Sims Akapinda Sei Mune Iyo Munda?
Kufanana navanachiremba vazhinji muzana re19th century, Sims pakutanga aive asina kufarira kurapa vakadzi - uye hapana chairo gynecological kudzidziswa. Chokwadi, kuongorora nekurapa nhengo dzechikadzi kwaiwanzoonekwa sekushoresa uye kusingafadzi. Asi kufarira kwake kurapa vakadzi kwakachinja paakakumbirwa kubatsira murwere akadonha pabhiza uye airwara nemusana uye nemusana.
Kuti arape kukuvara kwemukadzi uyu, Sims akaona kuti aifanira kutarisa akananga mukati memukadzi wake. Akamuisa pamakumbo mana, akazendamira mberi, ndokuzoshandisa minwe yake kuti imubatsire kuona mukati. Kuwanikwa uku kwakamubatsira kuti akudziridze pamberi peiyo speculum yemazuva ano: mubato wakakotama wepuniko wepuni.
Kubva pakuongorora kwake, Sims aigona kuona kuti murwere ane vesicovaginal fistula. Pasina mushonga unozivikanwa wechirwere, Sims akatanga kuyedza muna 1845 nemaitiro ekuvhiya kurapa fistula dzakadai. Kana vatenzi vevarwere vakapa mbatya uye vakabhadhara mutero, Sims akanyatso kutora varidzi vevakadzi kusvikira kurapwa kwavo kwapera.
Sims 'Ongororo dzekuvhiya dzaive Dzisiri Dzakanaka Uye Dzine Utsinye
Kuvhiya kwaSims kwakaitwa pasina anesthesia, kwete chete nekuti panguva iyoyo kushandiswa kwayo pakurapa kwaingogadzirwa, asi nekuti Sims pachake akataura kuti kurwadziwa kwacho kwanga kusiri kwehukuru hwakakwana kuti kushandiswa kweanesthesia kwaive kwakakosha, chimwe chinhu icho vakadzi vasina bvumirana mune zvidiki, kunyangwe hazvo zvirizvo, ivo havana kunzwikwa futi. Nepo zvinoenderana nevamwe, Sims pachezvake aitenda kuti "Vakadzi vatema havanzwe kurwadziwa."
Munguva yemakore mana, Sims akaedza nevaranda vazhinji vechikadzi muchipatara chake chekare muMontgomery, semhedzisiro, zvisingaenzaniswi ndiko kukuvadza kwaakakonzera kune avo vaakabatwa. Vamwe vavo vakagamuchira kuvhiyiwa kasingaperi, senge inozivikanwa nyaya yemuranda wechidiki anonzi Anarcha Westcott, uyo akatambura kubva kune vesico-vaginal kana recto-vaginal fistula dambudziko uye akagamuchira makumi matatu akavhiyiwa kubva kuna Sims asati akwanisa kuita , kuvhara maburi ari pakati peye dundira uye rectum.
Mumwe murwere Sims akavhiyiwa aive Lucy ane makore gumi nemasere, aive akazvara mwedzi mishoma yapfuura uye anga asingakwanise kudzora dundira rake kubvira. Munguva yekuita, varwere vaive vasina kupfeka zvachose uye vakabvunzwa kuti vagare pamabvi avo uye vakotamire kumberi kumagokora avo kuitira kuti misoro yavo igare pamaoko avo. Lucy akatsungirira kuvhiyiwa kweawa, achiridza mhere nekuchema nekurwadziwa, sevamwe vanachiremba gumi nevaviri vakatarisa.
Sokunyora kwakaita Sims mubhuku rake rehupenyu, Iyo Nyaya yeHupenyu Hwangu, "Kurwadziwa kwaLucy kwakanyanyisa." Akatanga kurwara zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukakavadzana kwake kwekushandisa chipanje kuburitsa weti yacho kubva padundira, izvo zvakamutungamira kunwa chepfu yeropa. "Ndakafunga kuti achazofa… zvakatora Lucy mwedzi miviri kana mitatu kuti anyatsopora kubva mukuvhiya," akanyora.
Nhasi uno zvinozivikanwa kuti hapana kumwe kuvhiya kwakaitwa naJames Marion Sims kwaibvumirana, vakadzi vakamanikidzwa kumanikidzwa uye kumanikidzwa kuita hutsinye uye hunorwadza nzira dzaSims.
Mumwe muranda asina rombo rakanaka aive Betsy uyo akapfuurawo nenjodzi imwechete saAnarcha naLucy vakaenda. Kutaura, Lucy, Anarcha naBetsy ndivo "Vanaamai veGynecology Yemazuva Ano" mukureva mupiro.
Kuedza Pane Vana Varanda
Munyori uye nyanzvi yezvekurapa Harriet Washington anoti Sims 'dzidziso dzechisarura dzakakanganisa zvakanyanya kupfuura kuyedza kwake kwevakadzi. Asati uye mushure mekuedza kwake gynecological, akaedzawo kurapwa kwevaranda vana veVatema mukuedza kurapa "trismus nascentium" (neonatal tetanus) - pasina kubudirira. Sims zvakare akatenda kuti vemuAfrica maAmerican vaive vashoma kungwara kupfuura vachena, uye vakafunga kuti imhaka yekuti dehenya ravo rakakura nekukurumidza zvakakomberedza huropi hwavo. Aizoshanda kuvana vemuAfrica veAmerica vachishandisa chishandiso chekugadzira shangu kutsemura mapfupa avo uye kusunungura dehenya ravo.
mhedziso
Nhoroondo inotyisa yezvechikadzi yemazuvano uye kuti J. Marion Sims akaedza sei kuvhiya kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi pasina anesthesia paVaranda vatema inoramba iri nharo nanhasi. Kwemakore, vakadzi vazhinji nevarume vakaratidzira vachipesana nemufananidzo waJ.Marion Sims muCentral Park muNew York, kuratidzira kushungurudzwa kwake uye kuda kuti abviswe. Chiumbwa chakabviswa muna Kubvumbi 2018, uye chakaendeswa kuGreen-Wood Cemetery kuBrooklyn, New York, uko kwakavigwa Sims. Asi mubvunzo uyo uchiri wakadzika mupfungwa: "Ichi ichokwadi here kuti pasina hutsinye, hapana budiriro musainzi?"
