Pakati pechinyorwa chenzvimbo dzinopisa kwazvo paPasi, gwenga reSahara muMauritania, Africa zvirokwazvo nhamba mumutsara, uko tembiricha inogona kusvika kusvika 57.7 degrees Celsius. Mhepo yakaoma uye inopisa inoparadza nzvimbo yakakura gore rose asi kunewo nzvimbo yakavanzika mugwenga; uye munyika yose, inozivikanwa se'Ziso reSahara.'
Iyo 'Ziso reSahara' - iyo Richat Chimiro
The Richat Structure, kana kuti inonyanya kuzivikanwa se 'Ziso reSahara', inzvimbo ye geologic - kunyange ichiri kukakavara - ine matombo akatangira kuonekwa kwehupenyu paNyika. Ziso rakafanana nebhuruu nzombe uye iri muWestern Sahara. Vazhinji vevanodzidza nezve geologist vanotenda kuti kuumbwa kweZiso kwakatanga apo supercontinent Pangea yakatanga kubvarura.
Kuwanikwa kwe 'Ziso reSahara'
Kwemazana emakore, madzinza mashoma emunharaunda anotama-tama aiziva nezvekugadzirwa kunoshamisa uku. Yakatanga kutorwa mifananidzo kuma1960 ne Chirongwa Gemini vanoongorora muchadenga, avo vaishandisa sechiratidzo chekutarisa kufambira mberi kwenzvimbo dzavo dzekumhara. Gare gare, satellite yeLandsat yakatora mimwe mifananidzo uye yakapa ruzivo nezve saizi, kukwirira, uye kukura kwenzvimbo.
Nyanzvi dzezvemaumbirwo epasi pekutanga dzaitenda kuti 'Ziso reSahara' raive gomba rekuita rakagadzirwa apo chinhu chakabva muchadenga chakarovera pamusoro pePasi. Zvisinei, zvidzidzo zvenguva refu zvematombo mukati mechimiro zvinoratidza kuti mabviro ayo akazara nePasi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu e 'Ziso reSahara'
'Ziso reSahara', kana kuti rinozivikanwa seRichat Structure, idhome rine symmetrical, zvishoma, rakakoromorwa zvakadzika rine dhayamita yemamaira makumi maviri nemashanu. Dombo re sedimentary rakafumurwa mune iyi dome rinobva pazera kubva Kunonoka Proterozoic mukati mekati yedome kune Ordovician sandstone kutenderedza mativi ayo. Misiyano yekukukurwa kweyakaomeswa materu equartzite yakagadzira yakakwira-zororo yakatenderera cuestas. Pakati payo panosanganisira siliceous breccia inovhara nzvimbo inosvika 19 mamaira dhayamita.
Inofumurwa mukati meiyo mukati meiyo Richat Chimiro pane akasiyana masisitimu eanopisa uye anotsvedza. Zvinosanganisira rhyolitic volcanic rock, gabbros, carbonatites uye kimberlites. Iwo matombo e-rhyolitic ane maruva anoyerera uye hydrothermally akachinja tuffaceous matombo ayo ari chikamu chemaviri akapatsanuka nzvimbo dzinoputika, idzo dzinodudzirwa kuti dzakasara nzvimbo mbiri maars.
Zvinoenderana nemepu yemumunda uye data reaeromagnetic, iyo gabbroic matombo anoumba maviri akanangana nemiringi. Iyo yemukati mhete dike ingangoita makumi maviri metres muhupamhi uye inonamira anenge matatu makiromita kubva pakati peiyo Richat Chimiro. Iyo dingi yekunze dike ingangoita makumi mashanu emamita muhupamhi uye inorara ingangoita makiromita manomwe kusvika masere kubva pakati peichi chimiro.
Makumi matatu nemaviri carbonatite dikes uye masills akaiswa mukati meRichat Structure. Iwo madiki anowanzo kuve anenge mazana matatu emamita pakureba uye anowanzoita 300 kusvika kumamita mana paupamhi. Izvo zvine makuru carbonatite ayo anonyanya asina ma vesicles. Iwo matombo ecarbonatite akanzi akambotonhora pakati pemakumi mapfumbamwe nemana nemakumi mana emamiriyoni emakore apfuura.
Chakavanzika kuseri kwekwakabva 'Ziso reSahara'
The Richat Structure yakatanga kutsanangurwa pakati pemakore ekuma1930 nema1940, seRichât Crater kana Richât buttonhole. Muna 1948, Richard-Molard akazviona semhedzisiro ye laccolithic thrust. Gare gare mavambo ayo akatorwa muchidimbu sechimiro chemhedzisiro. Asi ongororo yepedyo pakati pema1950 nema1960 yakaratidza kuti yakaumbwa nemaitiro epasi.
Zvisinei, mushure mezvidzidzo zvakakura zvemumunda uye murabhoritari mukupera kwema1960, hapana humbowo hwechokwadi hwakawanikwa kuvhunduka metamorphism kana chero mhando yekushanduka inoratidza hypervelocity kunze kwenyika rova.
Ipo coesite, fomu yesilicon dioxide inofungidzirwa sechiratidzo chekushamisika metamorphism, yaive yatanga kunzi iripo mumatombo masampuli akaunganidzwa kubva kuRichat Structure, kuenderera mberi kwekuongororwa kwemasampuli edombo kwakapedzisa kuti barite yakanga isingazivikanwe secessite.
Basa rekufambidzana nechimiro chakaitwa muma1990. Kuvandudzwa kwekudzidza kwekuumbwa kweRichat Structure naMatton et Al kubva ku2005 kusvika ku2008 yakasimbisa mhedziso yokuti zvechokwadi haisi maitiro ekugadzirisa.
Ongororo ya2011 yakawanda yekuongorora paRichat megabreccias yakagumisa kuti macarbonates mukati memasica-akapfuma megabreccias akagadzirwa nemvura yakadzika-inotonhorera yemvura, uye kuti chimiro chinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya uye kuferefetwa kwayakabva.
Dzidziso inogutsa yekwakabva 'Ziso reSahara'
Masayendisiti achiri nemibvunzo nezve iyo Ziso reSahara, asi maCanada mageologist ane dzidziso yekushanda nezvekwakatangira.
Ivo vanofunga kuti kuumbwa kweZiso kwakatanga makore anodarika zana emamirioni apfuura, apo nyika huru yePangea yakabvamburwa neplate tectonics uye izvo zvino zvave Africa neSouth America zvaibvamburwa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Dombo rakanyungudutswa rakasimudzira kumusoro asi harina kuita iyo nzira yese, kugadzira dome rematombo matombo, kunge hombe hombe. Izvi zvakagadzirawo mitsara yekukanganisa kutenderera uye kuyambuka Ziso. Dombo rakanyungudika rakanyungudutsa matombo ematombo padyo nepakati peZiso, iro rakadonha rikaita mhando yedombo inonzi breccia.
Papera makore zana miriyoni apfuura, Ziso rakaputika zvine simba. Izvo zvakakoromora bubble parutivi, uye kukukurwa kwakaita iro rese basa rekugadzira iro Ziso reSahara ratinoziva nhasi. Mhete idzi dzakagadzirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzedombo dzinokanganisa kumhanya kwakasiyana. Iyo denderedzwa paler padyo nepakati peZiso idombo remakomo rakagadzirwa panguva yekuputika ikoko.
'Ziso reSahara' - chiratidzo kubva muchadenga
Vanoongorora muchadenga vanofarira Ziso nekuti rakawanda reSahara Desert igungwa risingaputsike rejecha. Iro bhuruu Ziso nderimwe remabhureki mashoma mumononyoni anoonekwa kubva muchadenga, uye ikozvino rave chiratidzo chakakosha kwavari.
Iyo 'Ziso reSahara' inzvimbo yakanaka yekushanyira
Western Sahara haisisina mamiriro akadzikama aive aripo panguva yekuumbwa kweZiso. Zvisinei, zvichiri kugona kushanyira gwenga rakaoma, rine jecha iro Ziso reSahara rinodana kumba - asi hausi rwendo rwoumbozha. Vafambi vanofanirwa kutanga vawana mukana wekuMauritanian visa uye vowana wekutsigira wemuno.
Kana vangobvumidzwa, vashanyi vanorayirwa kuti vagadzire marongero emunharaunda. Vamwe vevanamuzvinabhizimusi vanopa kukwira kwendege kana mabhaluni emhepo anopisa pamusoro peZiso, vachipa vashanyi maziso eshiri-yeziso. Ziso riri padyo neguta reOuadane, inova mota yekufamba uchibva pachivakwa, uye kune hotera mukati meZiso.
