Zinsinsi za ku Egypt wakale zikupitilizabe kusangalatsa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Mapiramidi odziwika bwino, ma hieroglyphs ovuta, ndi miyambo yovuta ya maliro yatenga malingaliro a asayansi ndi olemba mbiri kwa zaka zambiri.
Tsopano, mothandizidwa ndi luso lazopangapanga lotsogola, titha kuwona momwe anthu anthawi imeneyo ankawonekera. Mu Seputembala 2021, asayansi adawulula nkhope zomangidwanso za amuna atatu omwe amakhala ku Egypt wakale zaka 2,000 zapitazo kudzera muukadaulo wapa digito, kutilola kuti tiziwawona momwe amawonekera ali ndi zaka 25.
Izi mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko, amene anadalira DNA deta yotengedwa awo zotsalira zakufa, wapatsa ofufuza zenera latsopano m'miyoyo ya Aigupto akale.
Mitemboyi inachokera ku Abusir el-Meleq, mzinda wakale wa ku Igupto womwe unali pafupi ndi madzi osefukira kum’mwera kwa Cairo, ndipo anaikidwa m’manda pakati pa 1380 BC ndi AD 425. Asayansi pa Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History ku Tübingen, Germany. adatsata DNA ya amayi mu 2017; aka kanali koyamba kukonzanso bwino kwa majini a mayi wakale wa ku Egypt.
Ofufuza pa Parabon NanoLabs, ndi DNA kampani yaukadaulo ku Reston, Virginia, idagwiritsa ntchito ma genetic data kupanga mitundu ya 3D ya nkhope za mummies pogwiritsa ntchito DNA phenotyping, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa majini kulosera mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi mbali zina za mawonekedwe amunthu.
"Aka ndi koyamba kuti DNA phenotyping ichitike pa DNA ya anthu a m'badwo uno," oimira Parabon adatero m'mawu ake. Parabon adavumbulutsa nkhope za amayiwa pa Sept. 15, 2021, pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 32nd on Identification wa Anthu ku Orlando, Florida.
Snapshot, chida chopangidwa ndi asayansi, chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa makolo, khungu, ndi nkhope ya munthu. Malinga ndi chikalatacho, amunawo anali ndi khungu lofiirira ndi maso akuda ndi tsitsi; chibadwa chawo chinali chofanana ndi cha anthu amakono a ku Mediterranean kapena Middle East kusiyana ndi a Aigupto amakono.
Ofufuzawo adapanga ma meshes a 3D omwe amafotokoza mawonekedwe a nkhope ya amayi, komanso mamapu otentha omwe amawonetsa kusiyana pakati pa anthu atatuwa ndikuwongolera tsatanetsatane wa nkhope iliyonse. Zotsatira zake zidaphatikizidwa ndi wojambula wazamalamulo wa Parabon ndi maulosi a Snapshot okhudzana ndi khungu, diso, ndi tsitsi.
Malinga ndi Ellen Greytak, mkulu wa Parabon wa bioinformatics, akugwira ntchito ndi DNA ya munthu wakale Zitha kukhala zovuta pazifukwa ziwiri: DNA nthawi zambiri imawonongeka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi DNA ya bakiteriya. "Pakati pazifukwa ziwirizi, kuchuluka kwa DNA yamunthu yomwe ikupezeka motsatizana ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri," adatero Greytak.
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Asayansi safuna chibadwa chathunthu kuti apeze chithunzi chamunthu chifukwa unyinji wa DNA umagawidwa ndi anthu onse. M'malo mwake, amangofunika kusanthula malo enaake mu genome omwe amasiyana pakati pa anthu, omwe amadziwika kuti single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Malinga ndi a Greytak, ambiri mwa ma SNP amakhodi amasiyana amthupi pakati pa anthu.
Komabe, pali zochitika pamene DNA yakale ilibe ma SNP okwanira kuti adziwe khalidwe linalake. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, asayansi amatha kufotokoza zakusowa kwa majini kuchokera kumagulu a SNPs ozungulira, malinga ndi Janet Cady, wasayansi wa Parabon bioinformatics.
Ziwerengero zowerengedwa kuchokera ku masauzande a ma genomes zikuwonetsa momwe SNP ilili yogwirizana kwambiri ndi mnansi yemwe palibe, Cady adalongosola. Ofufuzawo amatha kupanga zowerengera za zomwe SNP yosowa inali. Njira zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mitembo yakaleyi zingathandizenso asayansi kumanganso nkhope kuti azindikire mitembo yamakono.
Pakadali pano, asanu ndi anayi mwa pafupifupi 175 ozizira omwe ofufuza a Parabon athandizira kuthana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito mibadwo yobadwa adaphunziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za kafukufukuyu.
N’zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuona anthu amenewa akuukitsidwa patapita zaka 2,000 pogwiritsa ntchito DNA komanso luso lamakono.
Tsatanetsatane ndi kulondola kwa zomanganso ndizodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo ndife okondwa kuwona momwe kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kungatithandizire kumvetsetsa bwino. makolo athu akale.
Zambiri: Parabon® Imapanganso Nkhope za Amayi aku Egypt kuchokera ku DNA Yakale
