Akambuku a ku Tasmania “osiyana kotheratu,” onga ngati nkhandwe amene ankasangalala kwambiri pachilumba cha Tasmania asanathe kutheratu mu 1936 ayenera kuti anakhala m’chipululu kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa mmene ankaganizira poyamba. Palinso mwayi wochepa kuti akadali ndi moyo mpaka pano, akatswiri amati.
Akambuku aku Tasmania, omwe amadziwikanso kuti thylacines (Thylacinus cynocephalus) zinali nyama zodya nyama zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yowasiyanitsa kumunsi kwawo. Mitunduyi idapezeka ku Australia konse koma idasowa kumtunda zaka 3,000 zapitazo chifukwa chozunzidwa ndi anthu. Idapitilira pachilumba cha Tasmania mpaka ndalama zomwe boma zidadzetsa anthu oyamba ku Europe m'zaka za m'ma 1880 zidawononga anthu ndikupangitsa kuti zamoyo zithe.
Andrew Pask, profesa wa epigenetics pa yunivesite ya Melbourne ku Australia anati: “Sichinangokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka ngati nkhandwe, komanso inali nyama yathu yokhayo yolusa. Zilombo za Apex zimapanga magawo ofunikira kwambiri pazakudya ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi udindo wokhazikitsa chilengedwe. ”
Thylacine yomalizira yodziŵika inafera mu ukapolo ku Hobart Zoo ku Tasmania pa Sept. 7, 1936. Ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa ya nyama imene deti lake lenileni la kutha likudziŵika, malinga ndi kunena kwa Thylacine Integrated Genomic Restoration Research (TIGRR) Lab, yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi Pask ndipo cholinga chake ndi kubweretsa akambuku a ku Tasmania kwa akufa.
Koma tsopano, asayansi amati thylacines mwina anakhalako kuthengo mpaka 1980s, ndi “mwayi wochepa” akanatha kubisala kwinakwake lero. Mu kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa Marichi 18, 2023, m'magazini Sayansi ya The Total Environment, ofufuza anapeza oposa 1,237 akuti thylacine anaona ku Tasmania kuyambira 1910 kupita mtsogolo.
Gululo linayerekezera kudalirika kwa malipoti ameneŵa ndi kumene mankhwala a thylacine akanapitirizabe pambuyo pa 1936. “Tinagwiritsira ntchito njira yachilendo kudziŵa mkhalidwe wa kutsika kwake kwa dziko lonse la Tasmania, ndi kuyerekezera tsiku la kutha kwake pambuyo polingalira zinthu zosatsimikizirika zambiri,” anatero. Barry Brook, pulofesa wosamalira zachilengedwe ku yunivesite ya Tasmania komanso wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu.
Thylacines mwina adapulumuka kumadera akumidzi mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 kapena 1990, ndi tsiku loyambirira kutha pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, ofufuzawo akuti. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti akambuku ochepa a ku Tasmania akadatsekeredwa m'chipululu chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa boma.
Koma ena amakayikira. "Palibe umboni wotsimikizira zomwe awona," adatero Pask. “Chinthu chimodzi chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ponena za thylacine ndicho mmene chinasinthira kuti chiwonekere kwambiri ngati nkhandwe ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi nyama zina zotchedwa marsupial. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n’kovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa pakati pa thylacine ndi galu patali ndipo n’kutheka kuti n’chifukwa chake tikupitirizabe kuona zinthu zambirimbiri ngakhale kuti sitinapezepo nyama yakufa kapena chithunzi chosatsutsika.”
Ma thylacine akadakhala kuthengo kwa nthawi yayitali, wina akanakumana ndi nyama yakufa, adatero Pask. Komabe, “zikanakhala zotheka panthawiyi (mu 1936) kuti nyama zina zipitirizebe kuthengo,” anatero Pask. Ngati panali opulumuka, anali ochepa kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amafufuza akambuku otsala a ku Tasmania, Pask ndi anzake akufuna kutsitsimutsanso nyamazi. "Chifukwa chakuti thylacine ndi chochitika chaposachedwapa, tili ndi zitsanzo zabwino ndi DNA ya khalidwe lokwanira kuti tichite izi bwinobwino," adatero Pask. "Thylacine inalinso kutha koyendetsedwa ndi anthu, osati kwachilengedwe, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri, chilengedwe chomwe idakhalako chidakalipo, chopatsa malo obwererako."
National Museum of Australia inanena kuti kuchotsedwa kwa ziwonongeko n'kovuta ndipo kumakhalabe kovuta kwambiri komanso kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Amene akufuna kutsitsimula mankhwala a thylacine akuti nyamazi zitha kulimbikitsa ntchito yosamalira zachilengedwe. "Thylacine ingathandizedi kukonzanso zachilengedwe ku Tasmania," adatero Pask. "Kuphatikiza apo, matekinoloje ofunikira ndi zida zomwe zidapangidwa mu pulojekiti yakuchotsa thylacine zidzakhala zofunikira pakali pano kuti zithandizire kuteteza ndi kuteteza mitundu yathu yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha komanso yomwe ili pachiwopsezo cha marsupial."
Otsutsa, komabe, akunena kuti kutha kumalepheretsa kutha kwatsopano komanso kuti chiŵerengero cha thylacine chotsitsimutsidwa sichikanatha kudzisamalira. Corey Bradshaw, pulofesa wa sayansi ya zachilengedwe payunivesite ya Flinders anati: “Palibe chiyembekezo choti atha kutulutsanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo totchedwa thylacines yomwe ingathe kukhalabe ndi moyo ikadzatulutsidwa.”
