Chilumba cha Arabia chili ndi zinthu zina zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za zomangamanga Padziko Lapansi, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti mbiri yake yolemera imapitilira kupitilira nyumba zopangidwa ndi anthu.
Kafukufuku watsopano wasonyeza kuti zojambula zakale za miyala za 8,000 zomwe zimapezeka m'derali zikhoza kukhala zojambula zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Zojambula zimenezi, zomwe zili ndi nyenyezi ndi mizere, ziyenera kuti zinkaimira misampha yosaka nyama yomwe ili pafupi, ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa kuti ikhale zithunzi zoyambirira m’mbiri ya anthu.
Zomangamanga zimenezi, zotchedwa makaiti a m’chipululu, zinapezedwa ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale zaka 100 zapitazo pamene kujambula kwa mumlengalenga kunayamba kunyamulidwa ndi ndege. Ma Kites ndi malo akuluakulu ozunguliridwa ndi makoma amiyala otsika, okhala ndi maenje mkati pafupi ndi m'mphepete.
Ma Kites, omwe amapezeka makamaka ku Middle East ndi Central Asia, amaganiziridwa kuti adakhala ngati zotchingira nyama kapena misampha. Alenje ankaweta nyama, monga mbawala, n’kulowetsamo kaitiwo mumsewu wautali, wothina kwambiri pamene nyamazo sizikanatha kuthawa m’makoma kapena m’maenje, zomwe zinkachititsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzipha.
Ma Kite sangawoneke athunthu kuchokera pansi chifukwa cha kukula kwawo (pafupifupi pafupi ndi mabwalo awiri a mpira). Komabe, kupezeka kwa zithunzi zopezeka pagulu, zowoneka bwino kwambiri za satellite, monga zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi Google Earth, zathandizira kafukufuku wamakaiti am'chipululu mzaka khumi zapitazi.
Kupezeka kwaposachedwa kwa mawonekedwe owoneka ngati omangidwa m'miyala ku Jordan ndi Saudi Arabia kwawonetsa momwe anthu a Neolithic angapangire "misampha yayikulu" iyi, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano wofalitsidwa m'magaziniyi. PLOS One pa Meyi 17, 2023.
Olemba kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito masamu kuti afanizire mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa makiti odziwika ndi ma kite odulidwa mwala. Chitsanzo chawo choyamba chinali chojambula cha miyala yamchere monolith kuchokera kumalo ofukula zakale a Jibal al-Khashabiyeh ku Jordan.
Mwala womwe umakhala wamtali pafupifupi 3 (masentimita 80) udapanga chinsalu chabwino kwambiri kwa anthu akale, omwe amakhoma mizere yayitali yonga ngati kite yomwe inkalowetsa nyama mchipinda chonga ngati nyenyezi chokhala ndi zikho zisanu ndi zitatu zokhala ngati zikho zowonetsa misampha.
Mwalawu umakhala ndi masitayelo osema, koma sizikudziwika ngati adapangidwa ndi munthu m'modzi kapena anthu ambiri, malinga ndi kafukufuku woyamba wolemba Rémy Crassard, wofukula zakale ku French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS).
Chitsanzo chachiwiri, chochokera ku Wadi az-Zilliyat ku Saudi Arabia, chikuwonetsa makaiti awiri ojambulidwa mumwala waukulu wamchenga wotalika mamitala 12 ndi utali wa mapazi 8 (pafupifupi 4 ndi 2 metres). Ngakhale sizofanana ndi kapangidwe ka kite ku Jordan, chithunzi cha kite cha Saudi Arabia chili ndi mizere yoyendetsa, malo otchinga ngati nyenyezi, komanso zolembera za makapu asanu ndi limodzi kumapeto kwa malowo.
Ma Kite ndi ovuta kwambiri kukhala ndi chibwenzi chifukwa amapangidwa ndi miyala ndi maenje, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chibwenzi cha radiocarbon.
Gululi limakhulupirira kuti malo awiriwa ndi a zaka pafupifupi 8,000 zapitazo, chakumapeto kwa nthawi ya Neolithic ku Arabia, kutengera kufanana ndi ma kites ozungulira okhudzana ndi matope ndi mabwinja.
Crassard ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku Globalkites Project ndiye adagwiritsa ntchito ma graph a malo kuti agwirizane ndi mapangidwe a miyala ndi mapulani mazana odziwika a kite.
Kuyerekeza kwamasamu pazojambula zokhala ndi ma kite olembedwa kudawonetsa kufanana: chithunzi cha Jordanian chidapezeka chofanana kwambiri ndi kite pamtunda wa makilomita 1.4, pomwe chithunzi cha Saudi Arabia chinali chofanana kwambiri ndi kaiti mtunda wa 2.3 miles (10 kilomita) kutali. ndi ofanana kwambiri m'mawonekedwe ena 16.3 mailosi (0.87 kilomita) kutali.
"Zojambulazo ndi zowona modabwitsa komanso zolondola, ndipo zimawonjezeranso kukula, monga momwe zimawonedwera ndi ma graph a geometric-based assessment of shape kufanana," olembawo analemba mu phunziroli. "Zitsanzo za ma kite awa ndiye mapulani akale kwambiri odziwika bwino m'mbiri ya anthu."
Asayansiwa akuganiza kuti gulu la anthu omwe akukonzekera kukasaka nyama mwina adawunikiranso ndikukambirana njira ya kaiti yomwe idamangidwa kale, yomwe ikanaphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa chiwerengero ndi malo omwe alenjewo akukhala komanso kulosera zam'tsogolo momwe nyamazo zidzakhalire.
N'zothekanso kuti chithunzichi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kite poyamba. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ochita kafukufukuwo adatsutsa mu kafukufuku wawo kuti anthu omwe amapanga ubale pakati pa malo owoneka bwino monga momwe amawonera kuchokera pamwamba ndi chithunzithunzi ndikupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso chodziwika bwino komanso chophiphiritsira.
Jens Notroff, katswiri wofukula zinthu zakale wa Neolithic ku Germany Archaeological Institute yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, adauza Live Science mu imelo kuti "kupezeka kwa mtundu uwu wa zojambulajambula za rock kale ndikowonjezera kochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakumvetsetsa kwathu komwe kukukula kwa izi. Ma kite a m'chipululu a Neolithic komanso mawonekedwe ake ovuta kwambiri m'malo. ”
Notroff adatinso, "chidziwitso chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa ine ndekha ndi kuchuluka kwa kutanthauzira - akuyimira lingaliro lomwe palibe amene akutenga nawo gawo pakumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makati am'chipululu awa omwe angabwerenso mosavuta kuchokera pazowonera zawo."
Crassard ndi anzawo akupitiliza ntchito yawo yopanga ma kite am'chipululu kudzera mu Globalkites Project. Ngakhale kuti "zojambulazi ndi umboni wakale kwambiri wodziwika wa mapulani apamwamba," adatero Crassard, n'zotheka kuti anthu anapanga zithunzi zofanana muzinthu zosakhalitsa, monga kuzijambula mu dothi.
Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa koyamba m'magazini PLOS One pa May 17, 2023.
