Tangoganizirani kuti mwakumana ndi zinthu zakale zachinsinsi zomwe zingathe kulembanso mbiri yakale monga tikudziwira. Izi n’zimene mlenje wofufuza zinthu zakale zakale Frank Tully anakumana nazo mu 1958 pamene anapeza a zinthu zakale zachilendo amene adzadziwika kuti Tully Monster. Dzinalo lokha limamveka ngati chinthu chochokera mufilimu yowopsya kapena buku lopeka la sayansi, koma zenizeni za nyamayi ndizochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuposa momwe dzina lake limanenera.
Kupezeka kwa Tully Monster
Mu 1958, bambo wina dzina lake Francis Tully ankasakasaka miyala mumgodi wa malasha pafupi ndi mzinda wa Morris, ku Illinois. Ali mkati mokumba anapeza mwala wachilendo umene sanathe kuuzindikira. Chotsaliracho chinali ndi pafupifupi masentimita 11 m’litali ndipo chinali ndi thupi lalitali, lopapatiza, mphuno yosongoka, ndi zomangira ziŵiri zonga mahema kutsogolo kwa thupi lake.
Tully anatenga mafupawo kupita nawo ku Field Museum ku Chicago, kumene asayansi anasokonezedwa mofanana ndi cholengedwa chachilendocho. Iwo anachitcha icho Tullimonstrum gregarium, kapena Chilombo cha Tully, polemekeza wochitulukira.
Kwa zaka zambiri, Tully Monster akadali wovuta wasayansi
Nyanja ndi dziko lalikulu komanso lodabwitsa, komwe kuli zolengedwa zochititsa chidwi komanso zosamvetsetseka padziko lapansi. Zina mwa izo ndi Tully Monster, zomwe zadodometsa asayansi ndi okonda zam'madzi kwa zaka zambiri. Ndi maonekedwe ake apadera komanso chiyambi cha mbiri yakale, Tully Monster yatenga malingaliro a ambiri ndipo ndi nkhani yotsutsana kwambiri pakati pa ofufuza. Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi sankatha kudziwa kuti ndi cholengedwa chotani komanso mmene chinakhalira. Sizinafike mpaka 2016, patatha zaka zambiri za kafukufuku ndi kusanthula, kuti kafukufuku wochita bwino adawunikiranso zakufa zakale.
Ndiye kodi Tully Monster ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
The Tully Monster, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Tullimonstrum gregarium, ndi mtundu wa nyama za m'madzi zomwe sizinali zamoyo zomwe zinkakhalapo panthawiyi Nthawi ya Carboniferous, pafupifupi zaka 307 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndi cholengedwa chofewa chomwe amakhulupirira kuti chinafika kutalika kwa mainchesi 14 (35 cm), chokhala ndi thupi lopapatiza looneka ngati U komanso chotambasula ngati mphuno chomwe chili ndi maso ndi pakamwa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2016, zili ngati a wa msana, wofanana ndi nsomba yopanda nsagwada ngati a nyali. Mbalame ndi nyama yokhala ndi fupa lakumbuyo kapena chichereŵechereŵe chophimbidwa ndi msana.
Makhalidwe a Tully Monster
Chodziwika kwambiri cha Tully Monster ndi thupi lake lalitali, lopapatiza, lomwe lili ndi khungu lolimba komanso lachikopa. Ili ndi mphuno yosongoka, maso akulu awiri, ndi mchira wautali wopindika. Kutsogolo kwa thupi lake, ili ndi zingwe ziwiri zazitali, zopyapyala ngati hema zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira nyama.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za Tully Monster ndi pakamwa pake. Mosiyana ndi zamoyo zambiri zokhala ndi msana, zomwe zimakhala ndi kamwa komanso nsagwada zomveka bwino, pakamwa pa chilombo cha Tully ndi kabowo kakang'ono kozungulira komwe kali kumapeto kwa mphuno yake. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti nyamayo iyenera kuti inagwiritsa ntchito thupi lake lalitali lotha kusinthasintha kuti ifike ndi kugwira nyamayo isanayikokere kukamwa kwake.
Kufunika mu gulu la sayansi
Kwa zaka zambiri, gulu la Tully Monster likadali chinsinsi. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu wa nyongolotsi kapena slug, pamene ena amaganiza kuti zingakhale zokhudzana ndi nyamayi kapena nyamakazi. Komabe, mu 2016, gulu la ofufuza ochokera ku yunivesite ya Leicester ku UK anagwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu yosanthula ma elekitironi kuti aunike mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zakale.
Monga momwe kusanthula kwawo kunavumbula kuti Tully Monster kwenikweni inali yamoyo yam'mimba, ndipo mwinamwake yokhudzana ndi nsomba zopanda nsagwada ngati nyali, zomwe anapezazi zinatsegula chitseko chatsopano cha kusinthika kwa zinyama zoyambirira.
Tully Monster ndi chitsanzo chofunikira kwambiri cha moyo wapadera komanso wosiyanasiyana womwe unalipo panthawi ya Carboniferous, pafupifupi zaka 307 miliyoni zapitazo. Nthawi imeneyi inayamba pafupifupi zaka 359.2 kufika ku 299 miliyoni zapitazo m’zaka zakumapeto kwa Paleozoic Era ndipo inadziwika ndi kukwera kwa zomera ndi zinyama pamtunda; ndipo Tully Monster anali mmodzi mwa ambiri zolengedwa zachilendo ndi zachilendo zomwe zinkayendayenda padziko lapansi panthawiyi.
Kodi kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri akuti chiyani za Tully Monster?
A Kuphunzira kwatsopano ofufuza a ku University College Cork amati chilombo chodabwitsa cha Tully sichiyenera kukhala chamoyo chamsana - ngakhale kuti chiwombankhanga chake chinali cholimba kumbuyo. Iwo afika pa mfundo imeneyi atatulukira zinthu zachilendo m’maso mwake.
Ataphunzira mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'maso mwa nyamayo, ofufuzawo anapeza kuti chiŵerengero cha zinki ndi mkuwa chinali chofanana kwambiri ndi cha invertebrates kusiyana ndi zinyama. Gulu lofufuzalo lidapezanso kuti maso a zotsalira zakale anali ndi mtundu wina wa mkuwa kuposa wamasiku ano opanda msana omwe adaphunzira - kuwasiya osatha kuyikanso ngati.
Kutsiliza
Tully Monster ikadali cholengedwa chochititsa chidwi komanso chodabwitsa chomwe chakopa chidwi cha asayansi komanso anthu kwazaka zambiri. Kupezeka kwake ndi kagayidwe kake kwapereka zidziwitso zatsopano za kusinthika kwa zamoyo zoyambilira, ndipo mawonekedwe ake apadera amakhala chikumbutso cha zamoyo zachilendo ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe kale zinkayendayenda Padziko Lapansi. Pamene asayansi akupitiriza kuphunzira za zinthu zakale zochititsa chidwizi, tingaphunzire zambiri zokhudza zinsinsi zimene zili nazo komanso mmene zinthu zilili. zinsinsi zakale sichinaululebe.
