Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, anthu a mtundu wa Inuit ndi Yupik a ku Alaska ndi kumpoto kwa Canada akhala akudalira magalasi a chipale chofewa kuti awathandize kuyenda m’nyengo yozizira ya ku Arctic. Zida zaluso zimenezi, zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu monga fupa, minyanga ya njovu, matabwa, kapena nyanga, sizinateteze maso a wovalayo ku kuwala kwa dzuŵa kowala ndi chipale chofeŵa, komanso zinkawathandiza kuona bwino m’malo opanda kuwala. Pokhala ndi ting'onoting'ono, magalasiwo ankalola alenje a Inuit kuti awone nyama patali, ngakhale m'masiku amdima kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Koma magalasi amenewa anali oposa zida zothandiza - analinso ntchito zaluso, zojambulidwa modabwitsa ndi mapangidwe okongola ndipo nthawi zambiri amadutsa ku mibadwomibadwo.
Mbiri ndi kusinthika kwa magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit
Mbiri ya magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit idayamba zaka zoposa 2,000. Zitsanzo zakale kwambiri zidapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa ndi minyanga ya njovu, zokhala ndi ting'onoting'ono tojambulidwa kutsogolo kuti tiwoneke. Magalasi oyambirirawa anali osavuta kupanga koma ogwira mtima kwambiri poteteza maso ku kuwala kwa dzuŵa.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mapangidwe a magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit adasinthika ndikukhala ovuta kwambiri. Mitsempha yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa magalasiwo inakula, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ziwoneke bwino, ndipo magalasi enieniwo adakhala omveka bwino pakupanga kwawo. Pofika m'zaka za zana la 19, magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit adakhala zida zapadera kwambiri, zokhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana komanso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Magalasi ena adapangidwa kuti azisaka, okhala ndi ming'alu yopapatiza komanso mawonekedwe owongolera kuti achepetse kulimba kwa mphepo, pomwe ena adapangidwira kuyenda, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yotakata komanso yokwanira bwino.
Ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamapangidwe, magalasi onse a chipale chofewa a Inuit ankagawana cholinga chimodzi - kuteteza maso ku kuwala koopsa kwa dzuŵa komwe kumawonetsera chipale chofewa. Kusinthika kwa magalasi awa ndi umboni wa luntha ndi luso la anthu a Inuit, omwe adatha kusintha ndi kupanga zatsopano kuti apulumuke m'madera ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit
Magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit ankapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo fupa, minyanga, matabwa, ndi nyanga. Chilichonse chinali ndi mawonekedwe akeake ndipo chinasankhidwa chifukwa choyenerera kupanga magalasi a chipale chofewa.
Mafupa ndi minyanga ya njovu zinali zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit. Zida zimenezi zinali kupezeka mosavuta kwa anthu a mtundu wa Inuit ndipo zinali zosavuta kuzisema m’mawonekedwe omwe ankafuna. Magalasi a mafupa ndi minyanga ya njovu nthawi zambiri ankapangidwa kuchokera ku nsagwada za nyama yaikulu, monga walrus kapena whale, ndipo anali amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso mphamvu zawo.
Wood ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit, ngakhale kuti izi sizinali zofala kwambiri ngati mafupa ndi minyanga ya njovu. Magalasi amatabwa nthawi zambiri ankapangidwa kuchokera ku birch kapena msondodzi ndipo ankajambula momwe amafunira pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni kapena chida china chakuthwa.
Antler anali chinthu china chomwe nthawi zina chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit. Magalasi a antler nthawi zambiri ankapangidwa kuchokera ku tinyanga ta caribou kapena mphalapala, zomwe zinkajambulidwa m'mawonekedwe ofunikira kenako ndikupukutidwa mpaka kumapeto.
Cholinga chogwira ntchito cha magalasi a chipale chofewa cha Inuit
Ntchito yaikulu ya magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit inali kuteteza maso ku kuwala koopsa kwa dzuŵa kokhala ndi chipale chofewa. Kunyezimira kumeneku, komwe kumadziwika kuti "khungu la chipale chofewa," kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kapena kosatha ngati sikunachiritsidwe.
Magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit anapangidwa kuti ateteze khungu la chipale chofewa pochotsa cheza chovulaza cha dzuŵa. Ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayang'ana kutsogolo kwa magalasi amalola kuti tiwoneke pomwe timatsekereza kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mapangidwe a magalasiwo anathandizanso kuchepetsa kuwala kolowa m’maso, zomwe zinachepetsanso chiopsezo cha khungu losatha la chipale chofewa.
Kuwonjezera pa kuteteza maso ku khungu la chipale chofewa, magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit anali othandizanso kuteteza maso ku mphepo ndi kuzizira. Magalasiwo ankathandiza kuti misozi isaundane kumaso, zomwe zinkachititsa kuti anthu azivutika komanso kuzizira kwambiri.
Prof. Mogens Norn, dokotala wa maso waku Danish, wawona kuti magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit ndiapamwamba kuposa magalasi anthawi zonse kapena mithunzi yomwe ili kumtunda chifukwa sapanga chifunga kapena kuwunjikana madzi oundana. Prof. Norn anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi mmene magalasi a pachipale chofewa aku Inuit amagwirira ntchito komanso mosavuta akamawunika momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Tanthauzo la chikhalidwe cha magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit
Kupitilira ntchito yawo, magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit analinso ndi chikhalidwe chambiri. Magalasi a galasi aŵiriaŵiri nthaŵi zambiri ankakongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi zogoba ndiponso zojambulidwa zofotokoza nkhani za moyo wa Inuit.
Zojambula ndi mapangidwe awa nthawi zambiri anali ophiphiritsa, kuyimira mbali zofunika za chikhalidwe cha Inuit monga kusaka, kusodza, ndi uzimu. Magalasi ena ankakhala ndi nyama kapena zinthu zina zachilengedwe, pamene ena ankakongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi kapena zinthu zina.
Nthawi zambiri, zojambula pa magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit amaperekedwa ku mibadwomibadwo, ndipo magalasi atsopano amafotokoza nkhani yapadera ya banja la wovalayo ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chake.
Zojambula zakale ndi zozokota zopezeka pa magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit
Magalasi owonetsera chipale chofewa a Inuit nthawi zambiri ankakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zogoba komanso zojambula zomwe zimasonyeza chikhalidwe cha wovalayo. Zina mwazojambula zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapezeka pa magalasi a matalala a Inuit ndi awa:
- Mitundu ya zinyama: Magalasi ambiri a chipale chofewa a Inuit anali okongoletsedwa ndi zojambula za nyama monga zimbalangondo za polar, caribou, ndi zidindo. Zinyamazi nthawi zambiri zinkawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a stylized, okhala ndi mawonekedwe opambanitsa komanso mawonekedwe ovuta.
- Mitundu ya geometric: Magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit nthawi zambiri ankakongoletsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a geometric, monga makona atatu, mabwalo, ndi mabwalo. Makhalidwewa nthawi zambiri anali ophiphiritsa ndipo amayimira mbali zofunika za chikhalidwe cha Inuit, monga njira zinayi zazikuluzikulu.
- Mapangidwe achidule: Magalasi ena a chipale chofewa a ku Inuit ankakhala ndi zithunzi zooneka ngati zozungulira, zozungulira, ndi zina zocholoŵana. Mapangidwe awa nthawi zambiri amakhala okongoletsedwa kwambiri ndipo amapangidwira kuyimira zauzimu komanso zachinsinsi za chikhalidwe cha Inuit.
Luso ndi mmisiri zomwe zidapangidwa popanga magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit
Njira yopangira magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit inali yaluso kwambiri yomwe inkafuna zaka zambiri zophunzitsidwa komanso luso. Chinthu choyamba popanga magalasi a chipale chofewa chinali kusankha zinthu zoyenera, monga fupa, minyanga ya njovu, matabwa, kapena nyanga.
Akasankha zinthuzo, mmisiriyo ankagwiritsa ntchito mpeni kapena chida china chakuthwa kuti azisema zinthuzo m’njira imene akufuna. Ming'alu yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa magalasiwo inajambulidwa mosamala kuti iwonetsere bwino kwambiri pamene imatchinga kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Magalasiwo akamasema, nthawi zambiri ankawakongoletsa ndi zojambulajambula komanso zojambulajambula. Iyi inali njira yaluso kwambiri yomwe inkafuna luso komanso kuleza mtima kwakukulu. Zojambulazo nthawi zambiri zinali zophiphiritsira ndipo zinkayimira mbali zofunika za chikhalidwe cha Inuit, monga kusaka, kusodza, ndi uzimu.
Inuit Snow Goggles mu Modern Times
Masiku ano, magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi anthu a mtundu wa Inuit, makamaka amene amakhala kumadera akutali a ku Arctic. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito magalasi a chipale chofewa sikunakhale kofala kwambiri m’zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa teknoloji yamakono yathandiza kuteteza maso ku kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Ngakhale zili choncho, magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit akupitirizabe kukhala ndi malo apadera mu chikhalidwe cha Inuit, ndipo mapangidwe awo apadera ndi zojambula zimayamikiridwabe ndi osonkhanitsa ndi okonda padziko lonse lapansi.
Komwe mungawone ndikugula magalasi achipale chofewa a Inuit
Ngati mukufuna kuwona kapena kugula magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit, pali malo ochepa omwe mungawapeze. Malo ambiri osungiramo zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe ali ndi zosungira zachipale chofewa za Inuit zomwe zimawonetsedwa, komwe mungaphunzire zambiri za mbiri yawo komanso chikhalidwe chawo.
Mutha kupezanso magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit ogulitsidwa pa intaneti kapena m'masitolo apadera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zaluso za Inuit ndi zinthu zakale. Magalasi amenewa amatha kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi manja komanso amawakonda kwambiri ndi osonkhanitsa.
Kutsiliza
Magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit ndi umboni wochititsa chidwi wa anthu a mtundu wa Inuit, omwe aphunzira kukhala ndi moyo m'malo ovuta kwambiri padziko lapansi. Magalasi amenewa si othandiza kokha komanso opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, okhala ndi mapangidwe ogometsa ndi kusema nthano za chikhalidwe cha Inuit ndi cholowa chawo.
Ngakhale kuti magalasi a chipale chofewa a Inuit sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano kusiyana ndi kale, akupitirizabe kukhala ndi malo apadera mu chikhalidwe cha Inuit, ndipo mapangidwe awo apadera ndi zojambula zimayamikiridwabe ndi osonkhanitsa ndi okonda padziko lonse lapansi.
