Manja ndi Mapazi Azaka 200,000 Apezeka ku Tibet Atha Kukhala Zojambula Zakale Kwambiri Pamapanga Padziko Lonse.

Gulu la zolemba zakale zamanja ndi mapazi opezeka ku Tibet, kuyambira zaka pafupifupi 200,000, zitha kukhala zitsanzo zoyambirira za luso la anthu. Ndipo anapangidwa ndi ana.

Ofufuza adapeza zomwe zidachitika ku Tibetan Plateau mu 2018. © DD Zhang et al. / Nkhani ya Sayansi — Ofufuza adapeza zomwe zidachitika ku Tibetan Plateau mu 2018. © DD Zhang et al. / *Bulletin ya Sayansi*

Mayi aliyense amadziwa kuti ana amakonda kuika manja ndi mapazi awo m'matope. Zikuoneka kuti zinali choncho kalekale pa kasupe yemwe kale anali wotentha ku Quesang, pamwamba pa Phiri la Tibetan lomwe lili pamtunda wa mamita 4,269 (mamita 14,000) pamwamba pa nyanja.

Lipoti mu December 2021 magazini Bulletin ya Sayansi ananena kuti izi zidayikidwa mwadala, osati chifukwa chongoyendayenda mderali. Zisindikizo za phazi ndi m'manja zimagwirizana ndendende ndi danga, zomangidwa moyandikana ngati chithunzi. Kukula kwawo kumasonyeza kuti anapangidwa ndi ana aŵiri, mmodzi kukula kwa wazaka 7, ndipo winayo ndi wazaka 12 zakubadwa.

Ofufuza adapeza zomwe mwina ndi zojambulajambula zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidawonetsedwa pano pazithunzi za 3D, pamtunda wamiyala ku Quesang ku Tibetan Plateau mu 2018. © DD Zhang et al. / Nkhani ya Sayansi — Ofufuza adapeza zomwe mwina ndi zojambulajambula zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidawonetsedwa pano pazithunzi za 3D, pamtunda wamiyala ku Quesang ku Tibetan Plateau mu 2018. © DD Zhang et al. / *Bulletin ya Sayansi*

Panthawi imeneyo, travertine, yomwe ndi mtundu wa miyala ya laimu yopangidwa ndi akasupe a mchere wotentha, inapanga matope amatope omwe anali abwino kwambiri popanga zizindikiro za manja. Pambuyo pake, pamene kasupe wotenthawo anauma, matopewo anauma n’kukhala mwala, kusungitsa zipserazo m’kupita kwa nthaŵi.

Miyalayi idalembedwa zaka zapakati pa 169,000 ndi 226,000 zapitazo. Sizikudziwika kuti ndani kwenikweni anthu omwe ankakhala ku Tibetan Plateau panthawiyo, koma anthuwo ayenera kuti anali a Neanderthals kapena mwina Denisovans osati Homo sapiens. Denisovans ndi nthambi ya makolo athu oyambirira omwe ankakhala ku Asia ndipo ankafanana ndi anthu amakono. Anthu a ku Tibet omwe akukhala masiku ano akadali ndi majini a Denisovan.

Ana anayi amtundu wa Tibet akujambula chithunzi akusewera pamudzi wina wa ku Tibet. — Ana anayi amtundu wa ku Tibet akujambula zithunzi akusewera pamudzi wina wa ku Tibet. © Shutterstock

Kaya zizindikirozo zikhoza kuonedwa ngati luso kapena ana amene akusewera m’matope ndiye kuti atha kumasulira, ngakhale kuti olemba nyuzipepalayo ananena kuti “zingakhale zaluso mofanana ndi mmene makolo amapachika zolembera za ana pafiriji n’kuzitcha luso. ”

Olembawo adafotokoza momwe zosindikizirazo zasinthidwa mwadala, zomwe akuganiza kuti zikadakhala mtundu wa machitidwe owonetsa ngati, "Hei, tayang'anani, ndapanga zisindikizo zanga pamapazi awa."

Kapena mwina maganizo amenewa akuimira chikhumbo cha anthu chofuna kusiya zizindikiro zimene zimati, “Ndinali kuno.”

Ndi mwambo umene ukupitirirabe lero ndi zojambulajambula pa makoma kumbuyo alleys ndi zisudzo otchuka ndi zisudzo amene amasiya zosonyeza manja awo ndi mapazi simenti pa Hollywood Boulevard.

Chikumbutso chokhalitsa chinawonekera kwa wosewera mochedwa, wochita sewero komanso wosangalatsa Jerry Lewis mozungulira manja ndi mapazi ake pa Hollywood Walk of Fame ku Los Angeles pomwe adamwalira mu 2017. — Chikumbutso chosakhalitsa chinawonekera kwa wosewera mochedwa, wosewera komanso wosangalatsa Jerry Lewis mozungulira dzanja lake ndi mapazi ake pa Hollywood Walk of Fame ku Los Angeles pomwe adamwalira mu 2017. Shutterstock

Ana akalewa sankadziwa kuti ntchito ya manja awo idzasungidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Ngati zojambula zopangidwa mosamala zimatengedwa ngati zaluso, zimakankhira mbiri yakale ya zojambulajambula za miyala zaka zoposa 100,000. Zolemba zakale kwambiri zamtundu wa stencil, pomwe dzanja limayikidwa pakhoma ndikuwululira ufa wamitundu mozungulira kuti apange autilaini, zapezeka pamodzi ndi zojambula zina zamapanga ku Sulawesi, Indonesia ndi El Castillo, Spain zapakati pa 40,000 mpaka 45,000. zaka zapitazo.

Izi zimatchedwa zojambulajambula zaparietal chifukwa siziyenera kusuntha, mosiyana ndi zojambula kapena ziboliboli zomwe zingathe kuwonetsedwa kulikonse ndikugulitsidwa. Ndipo ziboliboli zakale kwambiri zimangobwereranso nthawi yomweyo.

Ana a ku Tibet akale akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi ena mwa ojambula oyambirira padziko lapansi, kapena mwina ankangosewera m'matope monga momwe ana onse amachitira. Koma funso loti kaya zojambulajambulazo ndi zaluso kapena ayi ndizovuta chifukwa zolemba zamanja ndi mapazi akale kwambiri zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira cha sayansi.

Gulu lapadziko lonse la ofufuza limafotokoza za manja ndi mapazi akale opangidwa mwadala zomwe amatsutsa kuti zimayimira luso. © Chithunzi chojambula: Zojambula ndi Gabriel Ugeto, zoperekedwa ndi wolemba Matthew Bennett

Archaeology nthawi zambiri imakhudzana ndi zidutswa za zikhalidwe zakale, monga zidutswa zadothi, maziko omanga, zipilala ndi mafupa. Zili kwa asayansi kuti afotokoze, kudzaza mipata ndikuyesera kudziwa zomwe anthu anali kwenikweni. Koma zisindikizo pamanja ndi siginecha yachindunji ya munthu.

Alendo odzaona malo ku Hollywood Boulevard amasquat kuti aike manja awo pazithunzi za ochita masewera omwe amawakonda kuti adziwe momwe zingakhalire kugwirana chanza, ngati kugwirana chanza kwenikweni. Tsopano lingalirani kugwirana chanza komwe kumafikira zaka zikwizikwi mpaka mphindi yeniyeni ya nthawi, kwa ana angapo omwe anali kungosokoneza m'matope.

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