Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ofukula pansi pa madzi mumzinda wa Thônis-Heracleion ku doko la Abū Qīr ku Egypt, anafukula madengu a zipatso amitundumitundu a m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX B.C.E.
Chodabwitsa n’chakuti mitsukoyo idakali ndi mtedza wa doum ndi njere za mphesa, zipatso za mtengo wa kanjedza wa ku Africa amene Aigupto akale ankaona kuti n’zopatulika.
“Palibe chimene chinasokonezedwa,” katswiri wofukula za m’mabwinja Franck Goddio anauza Dalya Alberge wa m’gulu la Guardian. "Zinali zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuwona madengu a zipatso."
Goddio ndi anzake a ku European Institute for Underwater Archaeology (IEASM) anavumbula makontenawo mogwirizana ndi Unduna wa Zokopa alendo ndi Zinthu Zakale ku Egypt. Ofufuza akhala akufufuza mzinda wakale wapadoko wa ku Mediterranean wa Thônis-Heracleion kuyambira pomwe unapezekanso mu 2001, malinga ndi Egypt Independent.
Madenguwo anasungidwa m’chipinda chobisalirako ndipo mwina anali nsembe zamaliro inatero Greek City Times. Chapafupi, ofufuzawo adapeza phiri la 197-x26-foot tumulus kapena manda, komanso zinthu zambiri zamaliro zachi Greek zomwe mwina zidasiyidwa ndi amalonda ndi amalonda omwe amakhala mderali.
“Kulikonse tinapeza umboni wa zinthu zowotchedwa,” anatero Goddio m’mawu ake, monga momwe Radina Gigova wa CNN anagwira mawu. “Zikondwerero zochititsa chidwi ziyenera kuti zinkachitika kumeneko. Malowa ayenera kuti anasindikizidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri chifukwa sitinapezepo zinthu kuyambira chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachinayi B.C.E., ngakhale kuti mzindawo unakhalako zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake.”
Zinthu zina zimene zinapezeka pamwamba pa chiphuphucho ndi zoumba mbiya zakale, zoumba zamkuwa, ndi ziboliboli zosonyeza mulungu wa Aigupto Osiris.
"Tinapeza mazana a madipoziti opangidwa ndi ceramic," Goddio akuuza Guardian. “Mmodzi pamwamba pa mzake. Izi ndi za ceramic zochokera kunja, zofiira pazithunzi zakuda. "
Thônis-Heracleion inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma 331 BCE Mzinda wa Alexandria usanakhazikitsidwe cha m'ma XNUMX BCE, mzindawu unali ngati "doko loyenera kulowa mu Igupto kwa zombo zonse zobwera kuchokera ku Greece," malinga ndi webusaiti ya Goddio.
Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX mpaka m'ma XNUMX BCE, likulu la zamalondali linkayenda bwino kwambiri. Nyumbazi zinkaoneka bwino kwambiri kuchokera pa kachisi wapakati, yemwe anali ndi mitsinje yolumikiza mbali zosiyanasiyana za mzindawo. Nyumba ndi zipembedzo zina zinali pazilumba pafupi ndi Thônis-Heracleion
Mzindawu unali pachimake pa malonda apanyanja, ndipo mzindawo unamira m’nyanja ya Mediterranean m’zaka za m’ma 2022 CE. Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amati kugwa kwa mzindawu kunachitika chifukwa cha kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja komanso kugwa kwa matope osakhazikika, monga momwe Reg Little analembera Oxford Mail mu 42. nyanja, monga mwa CNN.
Monga momwe Emily Sharpe wa Art Newspaper analemba mu 2022, akatswiri ankaganiza kuti Heracleion, wotchulidwa ndi wolemba mbiri wachigiriki Herodotus m'zaka za m'ma 2001 BCE - unali mzinda wosiyana ndi Thônis, lomwe ndi dzina lachi Iguputo. Tabuleti yomwe gulu la Goddio inapeza mu XNUMX, inathandiza ofufuza kuona kuti malo awiriwa anali ofanana.
Kupeza zinthu m'mabwinja a Thônis-Heracleion ndi ntchito yotopetsa chifukwa cha zigawo zoteteza zomwe zimawaphimba.
"Cholinga chake ndikuphunzira momwe tingathere pakukumba kwathu popanda kusokoneza," Goddio adauza Art Newspaper mu 2022.
Malinga ndi nyuzipepala ya Oxford Mail, zinthu zina zimene anapeza ku Thônis-Heracleion ndi monga anangula akale opitirira 700, ndalama za golide ndi zolemera, ndi miyala yaing’ono ya miyala yamchere yotchedwa sarcophagi yogwira mafupa a nyama zowumbidwa. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza ngalawa ya asilikali ya m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX BCE yosungidwa bwino m’chigawo china cha mzindawu mwezi watha.
Zinthu zina zikuyembekezeka kupezeka pamalowa mtsogolomu, malinga ndi akatswiri. Goddio adauza Guardian kuti 3% yokha ya mizinda yayikulu yomwe idayikidwa idaphunziridwa pazaka 20 atapezekanso.
