Nthawi ndi nthawi, zinthu zosangalatsa zimabwera pa desiki langa kuposa momwe timamvetsetsa. Newton Stone yodabwitsa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zakalezi. Monolith wakale uyu ali ndi uthenga wosemedwa wolembedwa m'chinenero chodabwitsa chomwe sichinathe kuthetsedwabe, ndipo zolembazo zikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zosachepera zisanu.
Kuvundukula Mwala wa Newton
Mu 1804 Earl wa Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, anali kumanga msewu pafupi ndi Pitmachie Farm ku Aberdeenshire. Megalith yodabwitsayi inapezedwa kumeneko, ndipo wofukula zakale wa ku Scotland Alexander Gordon pambuyo pake anasamukira kumunda wa Newton House ku Parish ya Culsalmond, pafupifupi kilomita imodzi kumpoto kwa Pitmachie Farm. Newton Stone ikufotokozedwa motere ndi Aberdeenshire Council of Newton House:
Zolemba zosadziwika
Chilankhulo choyambirira cha Chiairishi chinalembedwa ndi zilembo za Ogham pakati pa zaka za 1st ndi 9th. Mzere waufupi wolemba pa Newton Stone wafalikira pamwamba pa chigawo chachitatu cha mwalawo. Ili ndi mizere isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi zilembo 48 ndi zizindikilo, kuphatikiza swastika. Akatswiri amaphunziro sanazindikire chilankhulo cholemba uthengawu, chifukwa chake amatchedwa script yosadziwika.
Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti zolemba zakale za Ogham zidachokera kalekale. Mwachitsanzo, zolembedwa zosadziŵika zinalingaliridwa kukhala za m’zaka za zana la 9 ndi wolemba mbiri wa ku Scotland William Forbes Skene. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti mzere waufupiwo unawonjezedwa pamwala kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 kapena kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, kutanthauza kuti zolemba zosadziwika bwino ndi zabodza zaposachedwa kapena zabodza.
Kuzindikira Mwala
John Pinkerton poyamba analemba za zojambula zodabwitsa za Newton Stone m'buku lake la 1814 Inquiry into the Story of Scotland, koma sanayese kupeza zomwe "script yosadziwika" inanena.
Mu 1822, John Stuart, pulofesa wa Chigiriki pa Marischal College, analemba pepala lotchedwa Sculpture Pillars in the Northern Part of Scotland for the Edinburgh Society of Antiquaries. M’menemo, iye anakamba za kuyesa kumasulira kwa Charles Vallancey, amene ankaganiza kuti zilembozo zinali Chilatini.
Dr. William Hodge Mill (1792–1853) anali m’busa wachingelezi komanso katswiri wamaphunziro akum’maŵa, mtsogoleri woyamba wa Bishop’s College, Calcutta, ndipo pambuyo pake Regius Pulofesa wa Chihebri ku Cambridge. Mu 1856, Stuart anapereka Sculptured Stones of Scotland, yomwe inafotokoza ntchito ya Mill.
Dr. Mills ananena kuti malembo osadziwika anali a Foinike. Popeza kuti anali wodziwika bwino pa nkhani ya zinenero zakale, anthu ankaona kuti maganizo akewo ndi ofunika kwambiri. Iwo anakambitsirana za izo kwambiri, makamaka pa msonkhano wa British Association mu Cambridge, England, mu 1862.
Ngakhale kuti Dr. Mill anamwalira mu 1853, pepala lake lakuti On the Decipherment of the Foenicia Inscribed on the Newton Stone linapezedwa ku Aberdeenshire, ndipo kusintha kwake kwa malemba osadziwika kunawerengedwa panthawiyi. Akatswiri angapo anavomerezana ndi Mill kuti malembowo analembedwa m’Chifoinike. Mwachitsanzo, Dr. Nathan Davis anapeza Carthage, ndipo Prof Aufrecht ankaganiza kuti mawuwa analembedwa m’Chifoinike.
Koma Bambo Thomas Wright, wokayikira, anapereka lingaliro lomasuliridwa mophweka m’Chilatini chonyozeka: Hie iacet Constantinus Apa ndi pamene mwana wa anaikidwa. Bambo Vaux a ku British Museum anavomereza kuti ndi Chilatini cha m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages. Wolemba mbiri yakale Constantine Simonides nayenso anagwirizana ndi zimene Wright anamasulira, koma anasintha Chilatini n’kukhala Chigiriki.
Zaka zitatu pambuyo pa tsokali, mu 1865, katswiri wa zinthu zakale Alexander Thomson anakamba nkhani ku Society of Antiquaries of Scotland mmene anakambitsirana za nthanthi zisanu zotchuka kwambiri za mmene tingamasulire kachidindo:
- Foinike (Nathan Davis, Theodor Aufrecht, ndi William Mills);
- Chilatini (Thomas Wright ndi William Vaux);
- Chizindikiro cha Gnostic (John O. Westwood)
- Chigiriki (Constantine Simonides)
- Gaelic (mtolankhani wa Thomson yemwe sanafune kutchulidwa dzina);
Ziphunzitso zachilendo zachuluka!
Ngakhale kuti gulu la akatswiri limeneli linkatsutsa zimene mawu olembedwa pa Newton Stone ankatanthauza ndiponso kuti ndi zinenero ziti mwa zinenero zisanu zimene zinagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba uthenga wosamveka bwino, gulu lina la ofufuza achilendo linapitiriza kubwera ndi maganizo atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, a George Moore anapereka lingaliro lakuti limasuliridwe m’Chihebri-Bactrian, pamene ena analiyerekezera ndi Sinaitic, chinenero chakale cha Akanani.
Lieutenant Colonel Laurence Austine Waddell anali wofufuza malo wa ku Britain, pulofesa wa Tibetan, chemistry, and pathology, komanso katswiri wofukula zakale wofufuza za Sumerian ndi Sanskrit. Mu 1924, Waddell anafalitsa maganizo ake onena za Out of India, zomwe zinaphatikizapo njira yatsopano yowerengera chinenero chotchedwa Hitto-Phoenician.
Mabuku otsutsana a Waddell onena za mbiri ya chitukuko anali otchuka kwambiri kwa anthu. Lerolino, anthu ena amamuona kukhala wolimbikitsa kwenikweni kwa wofukula m’mabwinja wopeka Indiana Jones, koma ntchito yakeyo sinam’patse ulemu wochepa monga katswiri wodziŵa za Asuri.
Kutsiliza
Masiku ano, ziphunzitso zambiri zimayesa kudziwa tanthauzo la uthenga wodabwitsa wa Newton Stone. Zina mwa zikhulupiriro zimenezi ndi zachilatini, Chilatini cha m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, Greek, Gaelic, Gnostic symbolism, Hebrew-Bactrian, Hitto-Phoenician, Sinaitic, and Old Irish. Komabe, malingaliro awa sanatsimikizidwebe kukhala olondola. Kumapeto kwa sabata ino, muyenera kupereka Newton Stone kwa ola limodzi chifukwa sikungakhale koyamba kuti munthu wakunja apeze kiyi pavuto lakale.
