Malinga ndi a Joel Klenck a Maritime Executive, chikopa cha chikopa cha ng'ombe chinapezeka mkati mwa chingalawa cha Nowa, chomwe chapezekanso posachedwa, chomwe chikuyembekezeka kukhala chazaka za 13,100-9,600 BC. M’chikopacho munali zilembo, manambala, ndi galamala m’Chihebri cha Paleo, zimene amaganiza kuti zinalembedwa ndi mmodzi wa anthu anayi otchulidwa pa Genesis 6:10 ndi Qur’an, monga Nowa, Semu, Hamu, Yafeti, kapena akazi awo.
Joel Klenck, wochokera ku Academia.edu, akunena kuti Chingalawa cha Nowa, chofikirika kudzera m’ngalande za mamita anayi mpaka khumi ndi chimodzi pansi pa nthaka ndipo chili m’chigwa chakum’mwera kwa phiri la Ararati, ndi malo ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ofukula zinthu zakale kuposa kale lonse. Chombocho chikuyembekezeka kuti chinamangidwa mu Late Epipaleolithic Period (13,100-9,600 BC) ndipo ndi pafupifupi mamita 158 kutalika, ndi kutalika kwa 3,900 mpaka 4,700 mamita. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu khumi ndi zinayi zofukulidwa m'mabwinja onse.
Dziko la Turkey likuperekedwa ndi mwayi wa moyo kapena imfa ndi kupezeka kwa chingalawa cha Nowa; chitha kubweretsa ndalama zapachaka za $38 biliyoni ku Dogubayazit, mzinda wapafupi kwambiri, kudzera mu zokopa alendo zachipembedzo chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi zikhulupiliro zitatu zachi Abraham za gulu la chilankhulo cha Semiti. Ngati boma la Turkey silichitapo kanthu kuti liteteze Chingalawa cha Nowa, gulu la PKK, gulu la Marxist lomwe limadziwika ndi uchigawenga wankhanza, likhoza kuvumbulutsa chombocho, kusinthanitsa codex yake yamtengo wapatali ndi zida zankhondo, ndikumasula miliri ya Stone Age kuchokera ku ndowe za nyama zomwe zimasungunuka. mkati, kuvulaza anthu wamba aku Turkey.
Bwato lakale la m'madzi likuwonetsa chiboliboli chomwe chimapendekeka, makola ambiri, ndowe zanyama zomwe zimasungidwa pansi pa middens, msewu womwe umakhotakhota, masitepe atatu, ma ballasts, zipinda zosungiramo zinthu, matabwa amwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popala matabwa am'madzi, ndi kunja ndi kunja. Mkati mwa chotengeracho umakutidwa ndi phula. Mkati mwa Likasalo, mbiya kulibe, koma pali gulu la zida za Late Stone Age ndi zotengera zopangidwa ndi matabwa, nsalu, zingwe, mafupa ndi matabwa, zotsalira za botanical, ndi mbewu zomwe zikuweta. Izi zikuphatikizapo nkhuku, vetch wowawa, nandolo, ndi chimanga.
Pafupi ndi khomo la Chingalawa cha Nowa, mibadwo yotsatira inamanga malo ang’onoang’ono olambiriramo okhala ndi zinthu zakale zoikidwiratu kusonyeza ulemu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza mapale kuyambira nthawi ya Pottery Neolithic (7,000-5,800 BC) mpaka nthawi ya Medieval (AD 700-1375) yomwe inali yodzaza ndi vinyo, mkaka, ndi mbewu. Kuonjezera apo, miyala yaing'ono yochokera ku Sumerian Early Dynastic Period (2,900-2,334 BC) inapezeka m'madera opembedzera.
Zosindikizira za Chiakadi za m’zaka za m’ma 2,300 BC zimasonyeza chingalawa chimene chili pamwamba pa phiri lalikulu la Ararati, pamene miyala ya Hurrian ya m’zaka za m’ma 1,300 BC imasonyeza Nowa, phiri la Ararati, ndi mulungu wapamwamba kwambiri. Kapangidwe kameneka kakugwirizana ndi nkhani za Chingalawa cha Nowa zolembedwa ndi kholo lakale Mose mu Genesis, akatswiri odziwika bwino Berossus ndi Josephus, ndi Quran ya Mneneri wa Chisilamu Muhammed.
Anthu a ku Armenia akhala akuyesera kusunga Chingalawa cha Nowa chobisika kuyambira 247 BC, akugwira ntchito kuti asunge ufulu wawo. Mkrtich Khrimian, mtsogoleri wa Tchalitchi cha Armenian, adalamula mu 1907 kuti apitirize kubisala, kuyesayesa kobisika mwa kuyeretsa kwa Stalinist. Izi zakhudza mbiri ya Anatolian, kudzutsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Klenck akulimbana ndi gulu logwirizana ndi PKK, lomwe likuyesera kugwetsa Likasa, lomwe liri lotanthawuza kwa Chisilamu, Chikhristu, ndi Chiyuda.
Katswiri wa zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi ananena kuti Baibulo la Codex siligwirizana ndi mfundo za masiku ano zosonyeza kuti zinenero zoyambirira zinachokera ku anthu amene anamwazikana padziko lonse. M’malo mwake, kukhalapo kwa Likasa pa Phiri la Ararati, limodzi ndi zilembo zake zachipaleo ndi Chihebri, kumachirikiza zonena za Mose, Yesu, ndi Mneneri wachisilamu, Muhammed, kuti zinenero za Chisemiti zimapanga chinenero choyamba padziko lapansi, chopulumuka chigumula chapadziko lonse.
Abraham Ibn Ezra (AD 1089-1167), pakati pa akatswiri ena otchuka, ananena kuti machaputala oyambirira a Genesis anaperekedwa pakamwa kuchokera kwa Adamu kupita kwa Mose. Liwu lakuti ‘Toledot’, lomwe limatanthauza ‘mbiri’ kapena ‘mibadwo’, laperekedwa kwa nthaŵi yoyamba pa Genesis 2:5 , ndipo libwerezedwanso m’mitu yotsatira, monga ngati Genesis 5:1, 6:9, 10:1 . 10:32 ndi 11:10. M’lingaliro la Ibn Ezara, njira imeneyi inagwiritsiridwa ntchito kutsimikizira kusungika kwa nkhani za m’Baibulo kuyambira pa kulengedwa kwa chilengedwe kufikira pa Kutuluka ku Igupto. Komabe, kupezeka kwa Codex in the Late Stone Age, yolembedwa m’Chipaleo-Chihebri, kukusonyeza kuti Toledot ayenera kuti anali mpambo wa zolembedwa zimene Mose anaziphatikiza mu Pentatuke, kuyambira Genesis mpaka Deuteronomo.
Codex inapezedwa ku Area A1, Locus 14, kadera kakang’ono m’bwalo lachiwiri la sitimayo. Malo amenewa ankawotchera chakudya ndi madzi. Kuseri kwa matabwa a mtengo wapaini odulidwa pang'ono amene anapanga makoma a nyumbayo, panapezeka malo obisika pamene panali malembo apamanjawo. Mu Locus 14, zoyambira za mbiya zidapezeka, kuphatikiza zotengera zamatabwa zomwe zidakutidwa mumatope omwe adatenthedwa mu Likasa. ).
Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale akukumana ndi kufotokozera momveka bwino za kupangidwa kwa mbiya chifukwa cha Chingalawa cha Nowa: Anthu a Stone Age ankapanga ziwiya zamatabwa, kenako kuziphimba ndi dongo ndi kuziwotcha pamoto. Pambuyo pake, anthu adachoka ku matabwa ndipo m'malo mwake adagwiritsa ntchito zotengera zadothi zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi kutentha, ndikuyika maziko opangira mapangidwe a ceramic.
Codex ili ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana olembera pamanja, kuyambira polemba molemera kwambiri, ngati chipika cha munthu m'modzi mpaka kugunda kosakhwima, kowongolera bwino kwa mkonzi yemwe adakonza cholakwika m'mawu oti "moyo," olembedwa m'Chihebri cha Paleo.
Likasa la Nowa Codex limapangidwa ndi zikopa, zomwe zimadziwika kuti klaf kapena vellum, zopangidwa kuchokera ku chikopa cha nyama zokosher ngati ana a ng'ombe. Chophimba cha codex ndi 14.67 masentimita m'litali ndi 10.59 masentimita m'lifupi, ndi zomangira zitatu zopangidwa ndi zikopa zofewa. Pali masamba asanu ndi awiri a klaf woonda wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, kutalika kwake ndi 9.75 cm ndi 7.53 cm mulifupi.
Zikopa za Vellum zimakhala ndi collagen yambiri. Madzi mu utoto akakumana ndi zikopa, collagen imasungunuka, ndikupanga mizere mu klaf ndikukweza malo opaka utoto. Zimakhudzidwanso ndi chilengedwe, makamaka chinyezi. Codex inapezeka ku Locus 14, Area A1, malo okwera kwambiri komanso otetezeka kwambiri a Likasalo. Mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumbazi amakutidwa ndi phula, phula, ndi utomoni. Malo okwera a Area A1 ali pamwamba pa 4000 metres pa Phiri la Ararati ndipo akwiriridwa pansi pa mamita 8 a madzi oundana a madzi oundana ndi zinthu za lithic, popanda chinyezi. Utoto wambiri wochokera ku Codex watha, koma zomwe zatsalira ndi miyeso yopangidwa ndi collagen kusungunuka pamene utoto unagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pa Late Epipaleolithic Period (13,100 - 9,600 BC).
Codex imapangidwa molunjika kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere, monga Chihebri chamakono ndi Chiarabu, komanso kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Masamba alumikizidwa pamodzi. Tsoka ilo, pamene zolembazo zidapezeka, magawo awiri adalekanitsidwa, akuwulula masamba 2, 3, 4 ndi 5. Pamasamba 2 ndi 4, zizindikiro zofooka za collagen ya vellum zikhoza kuwonedwa, koma zimasonyeza zithunzi zosinthidwa. Motero, akatswiri amaphunziro angaone mbali ya m’mbuyo ya masamba 2 ndi 4, ndi patsamba 3 ndi 5. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mawu ndi zizindikiro kuchokera mu Codex, kujambula kwa multispectral ndi x-ray ndikofunikira.
Mu Codex, chidziŵitso choyamba cha kuunikira chikuoneka ndi zithunzi zitatu: Phiri la Ararati, mapiri amene ali kum’mwera kwa Ararati, ndi ngamila. Chigobachi chimapangidwa ndi chigoba chagolide, chomwe ndi ufa wagolide wosakanikirana ndi chingamu cha arabic kapena dzira. Kuphatikiza apo, ma menorah awiri a makandulo 5 amatha kuwonedwa popanda maziko pafupi ndi phiri lalikulu la Ararati.
Anthu achikurdi okhala pafupi ndi phiri la Ararati amakhulupirira kuti chingalawa cha Nowa chili ndi golidi, ndipo izi ndi zoona. Kuunikira kwa Codex kunapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ufa wa golide wopangidwa mkati mwa chotengeracho. Popeza kuti Likasalo lili pamalo akutali ndi akutali paphiri la Near East, kutali ndi magwero a golidi, n’kutheka kuti ufa wa golide uja unachokera kalekale kukwera kwa Phirili kusanawonjezeke chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mapiri ndi mbali yake ya kumpoto. adasinthidwa mu morphology, akuyerekeza kukhala pafupifupi 9,600 BC mu Epipaleolithic Period.
Codex imalingaliranso kuti pakhoza kukhala mipukutu ina ya klaf yomwe inasungidwa mkati mwa chingalawa cha Nowa. -Masewero a mawu achihebri, mawu achidule, ndikuwonetsa zithunzi zowala. Kuwonjezera apo, lembali likunena za mbali zina za Nowa ndi Chigumula chotchulidwa m’Genesis ndi Qur’an, koma palibe mawu alionse amene amapezeka m’zolemba zonsezi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti malembo apamanja ena, monga mbali za ‘Toledot’ zotchulidwa m’Baibulo ndi zimene Ibn Ezra anakamba, anasungidwabe m’chombocho.
Klenck akunena kuti boma la Turkey liyenera kuyang'anira Codex, komanso zinthu zakale ndi zomangamanga zochokera m'chingalawa cha Nowa, zomwe zatamandidwa ndi Muhammed, Yesu ndi Mose. Akupitiriza kufotokoza kukhumudwa kwake chifukwa chosowa kuyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu a Archaeology a ku Turkey, popeza zinthu zamtengo wapatalizi zomwe zimaimira chiyambi cha chitukuko ndi Nyengo ya Neolithic, zikubedwa ndikuwonongeka. Klenck akumaliza, akutcha chiwonongeko ichi cha Likasa ndi zinthu zake zakale kukhala tsoka.
PRC, Inc., yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2007, imapereka ntchito zamabwinja padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimafufuza, kufufuza, ndi kufufuza.
Kufunika kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikungatsutse. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira pa thanzi lathu lonse, chifukwa zimathandiza kulimbikitsa thupi ndi malingaliro. Zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ambiri osatha ndikusintha moyo wathu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikuyenera kukhala kolemetsa kwambiri kuti kukhale kopindulitsa; ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono kungathandize kwambiri pa thanzi.
