Chikhalidwe cha Liangzhu chimadziwika ndi miyambo yake yamaliro, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuika akufa awo m'mabokosi amatabwa pamwamba pa nthaka. Kupatula maliro otchuka a matabwa, chinthu china chodabwitsa chomwe chinatulukira kuchokera ku chikhalidwe chakale chinali Jade Discs.
Ma disc awa apezeka m'manda opitilira makumi awiri ndipo amalingaliridwa kuti akuyimira dzuwa ndi mwezi mumkombero wawo wakuthambo komanso oteteza kudziko lapansi. Komabe, chinsinsi chozungulira ma Jade Discs awa chapangitsa akatswiri ambiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi akatswiri amalingaliro kuti aganizire malingaliro osiyanasiyana ochititsa chidwi; ndipo cholinga chenicheni cha ma disc achilendowa sichikudziwikabe.
Chikhalidwe cha Liangzhu ndi Jade Discs
Chikhalidwe cha Liangzhu chidakula mumtsinje wa Yangtze River Delta ku China pakati pa 3400 ndi 2250 BC. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri ofukula zakale apeza zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, anthu amtundu wapamwamba wa chikhalidwecho adalumikizidwa pamodzi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi silika, lacquer, minyanga ya njovu ndi yade - mchere wobiriwira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena zokongoletsera. Izi zikusonyeza kuti panali kugawanika kwamagulu pa nthawi imeneyi.
Ma bi Disc aku China, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma Chinese bi, ndi ena mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi komanso zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe zidapangidwa ku China wakale. Ma disc amiyala akuluwa adalumikizidwa ku matupi a olemekezeka aku China kuyambira zaka 5,000 zapitazo.
Kenako ma disks a bi, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku jade ndi magalasi, adayambira ku Shang (1600-1046 BC), Zhou (1046-256 BC), ndi nthawi ya Han (202 BC-220 AD). Ngakhale kuti anapangidwa kuchokera ku jade, mwala wolimba kwambiri, cholinga chawo choyambirira ndi njira yomangira zimakhalabe chinsinsi kwa asayansi.
Kodi ma bi discs ndi chiyani?
Jade, mwala wolimba wamtengo wapatali wopangidwa ndi mchere wambiri wa silicate, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri popanga miphika, miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera. Imabwera m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu, nephrite ndi jadeite, ndipo imakhala yopanda mtundu pokhapokha itayipitsidwa ndi chinthu china (monga chromium), pomwe imatengera mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Ma Jade Disc, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma disks, adapangidwa ndi anthu a ku Liangzhu aku China kumapeto kwa Neolithic Era. Ndiwozungulira, mphete zosalala zopangidwa ndi nephrite. Anapezeka m'manda onse ofunika kwambiri a chitukuko cha Hongshan (3800-2700 BC) ndipo adapulumuka mu chikhalidwe cha Liangzhu (3000-2000 BC), kutanthauza kuti anali ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu awo.
Kodi ma bi discs adagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?
Miyalayo inkayikidwa mowonekera pa mtembo wa womwalirayo, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi chifuwa kapena m'mimba, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi thambo. Jade amadziwika m'Chitchaina kuti "YU," zomwe zimatanthauzanso kuyera, chuma, komanso ulemu.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti chifukwa chiyani a Neolithic Chinese akale akadasankha Jade, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kugwirira ntchito chifukwa cha kuuma kwake.
Popeza palibe zida zachitsulo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo zomwe zidapezeka, ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti mwina zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa brazing ndi kupukuta, zomwe zikanatenga nthawi yayitali kuti amalize. Chifukwa chake, funso lodziwikiratu lomwe likubwera pano ndi chifukwa chiyani angapite kukachita khama lotere?
Kufotokozera kumodzi kotheka kwa kufunikira kwa ma disc amwalawa ndikuti amamangiriridwa kwa mulungu kapena milungu. Ena amaganiza kuti amaimira dzuwa, pamene ena amawawona ngati chizindikiro cha gudumu, zomwe zonse zimakhala zozungulira, mofanana ndi moyo ndi imfa.
Kufunika kwa Jade Discs kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti pankhondo, gulu logonjetsedwa linkafunika kupereka ma Jade Discs kwa wogonjetsa ngati chizindikiro cha kugonjera. Sizinali zokongoletsera chabe.
Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti nkhani yachinsinsi ya Zithunzi za Dropa Stone, omwenso ndi miyala yokhala ndi ma disc ndipo amanenedwa kuti ali ndi zaka 12,000, akugwirizana ndi nkhani ya Jade Discs. Akuti miyala ya Dropa inapezedwa m’phanga lina m’mapiri a Baian Kara-Ula, omwe ali m’malire a dziko la China ndi Tibet.
Kodi ma Jade Disc opezeka ku Liangzhu analidi olumikizidwa ku Dropa Stone Disc mwanjira ina?
Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale akhala akukanda mitu yawo pazimbale za jade kwa zaka zambiri, koma chifukwa chakuti zinapangidwa panthawi imene kunalibe zolembedwa zolembedwa, tanthauzo lake likadali chinsinsi kwa ife. Zotsatira zake, funso loti Jade Diss anali wofunikira bwanji komanso chifukwa chake adalengedwa silinathetsedwe. Komanso, palibe amene angatsimikizire pakadali pano ngati Jade Discs anali okhudzana ndi Dropa Stone Discs kapena ayi.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za anthu odabwitsa a Dropa okhala pamtunda wa Himalaya ndi ma disc awo odabwitsa amiyala, werengani nkhaniyi yosangalatsa. Pano.
