Anthu a ku China ali m'gulu la zitukuko zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mbiri yawo yolembedwa imayamba m'zaka za zana la 5 BC, ndi kutuluka kwa mzera wa Zhou, koma umboni wofukula m'mabwinja umasonyeza kuti mbiri yawo imabwereranso kumbuyo. Zolemba zoyamba zolembedwa zimatchula anthu owerengeka omwe amatchedwa "Yellow Emperor" ndi alangizi ake achilombo - omwe amadziwika kuti "Foolish Old Men".
Asing'anga amenewa ankakhala m'nyumba zakale zomangidwa ndi mafupa akuluakulu, zokongoletsedwa ndi nthambi ndi masamba. Ankasaka mbawala ndi nswala kuti apeze chakudya, ubweya wa ubweya wa zovala, ndi mafupa kuti azipeza zida. Asing'anga awo ankapanga mankhwala amatsenga kuchokera ku zitsamba ndi zomera kuti azichiritsa matenda ndi zovulala. Koma akamwalira, mitembo yawo inkakwiriridwa pansi pa milu ya miyala kuti mizimu yoipa isachoke pamitembo yawo. Koma manda omwe apezeka posachedwa m'chigawo cha Jilin ali ndi nkhani ina yoti afotokoze.
Ofufuza a Jilin University School of Archaeology ndi Texas A&M University ku Dallas adadabwa kwambiri atapeza "zosokoneza" - pafupifupi mafupa akale achilendo a 25 - kuchokera kumanda a m'chigawo cha Jilin kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China. Iwo ankaganiza kuti ambiri a iwo anali “amazira” panthaŵiyo. Zotsatirazo zidasindikizidwa mu American Journal of Physical Anthropology mu July 2019.
Si chinsinsi kuti makolo athu akutali ankavulaza mitu yawo ndi ana awo oyambirira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa ndi matabwa, nsanza ndi zingwe. Kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, anthu padziko lonse lapansi akhala akulakalaka ‘kusintha’ kumeneku.
Ena, makamaka mu Africa, akupitirizabe. Chifukwa chiyani? Funso ili lilibe yankho lotsimikizika. Asayansi akudabwa, koma ali otsimikiza: payenera kukhala chilimbikitso champhamvu chomwe chinapangitsa anthu akale kudzipereka kuzunza.
Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale sanganene kuti mwina anthu olumala anaphunzitsidwa kuchita zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mwina ankaonedwa kuti ndi ansembe a chipembedzo chinachake ndipo ankaona kuti kukhala ndi mitu italiatali kukanawapatsa luso lapadera, monga kulankhula ndi akuluakulu. M’mawu ena, adzawapangitsa kukhala anzeru.
Ngakhale zili choncho, iwo ayenera kuti ankakhulupirira kuti akamabwerera m’mbuyo, adzapeza zinthu zopindulitsa kwambiri, monga kutchuka. The akatswiri akale a zakuthambo ' yankho ndi lolunjika: ma eggheads anali, kwenikweni, anthu anzeru amene anachokera ku maiko ena. Anthu a m’derali anapundula mitu yawo kuti azioneka ngati iwowo.
Zinkaganiziridwa kuti chizolowezi chosintha mutu chinasesa dziko lapansi zaka 9,000 zapitazo. Kutulukira kwa China kumeneku kunayambira nthawi imeneyi mmbuyo pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri, kupereka zifukwa zomveka zokhulupirira kuti kutengeka kumeneku kunayambira ku China.
Kenako idakula padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka masauzande angapo, mpaka South America, Egypt, Volga dera, Urals, ndi Crimea. Akatswiri akale a zakuthambo alibe chonena china kupatulapo lingaliro lodabwitsali. Kupatula apo, imathandizira nkhani ya zamoyo zakuthambo zomwe zimayendera Padziko Lapansi ndipo zimatilola kuganiza kuti mwina zidafika m'chigawo cha Jilin, China, zaka masauzande zapitazo - kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chamakono cha anthu.
Pali mazana a zigaza zazitali, ndipo zina zikhoza kuti zinachokera ku chilengedwe. Chotero, iwo angafanane kwenikweni ndi zigaza zakunja, koma kodi tingawazindikire ndi kuwasiyanitsa motani? Sitingathe kupeza zonse zomwe zapezedwa, koma zina zimayamba kukayikira.
