Malinga ndi kunena kwa akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi ofukula za m’mabwinja, anthu a m’mbiri yakale anali aang’ono, zolengedwa zolusa zodziŵa pang’ono kapena zosadziŵa konse za sayansi kapena zamankhwala. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kokha ndi kuwuka kwa mizinda ya Agiriki ndi Ufumu wa Roma kumene chikhalidwe cha anthu chinapita patsogolo mokwanira kuti chigwirizane ndi zinthu monga biology, anatomy, botany, ndi chemistry.
Mwamwayi wa mbiri yakale, zomwe zapezedwa posachedwa zikutsimikizira chikhulupiriro chomwe chakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali chokhudza "Stone Age" kukhala chabodza. Umboni ukuwonekera padziko lonse lapansi wosonyeza kumvetsetsa kwamphamvu kwa thupi, physiology, ngakhale opaleshoni inalipo kale kwambiri kuposa momwe amaganizira poyamba.
Malinga ndi gulu la akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ochokera ku Australia ndi Indonesia, phanga lina lakutali la ku Indonesia linapereka umboni wakale kwambiri wa opaleshoni ya mafupa a zaka 31,000 omwe anasowa mwendo wake wakumanzere wakumanzere, poganiziranso mbiri ya anthu. Asayansiwo anafotokoza zimene anapeza m’magazini yotchedwa Nature.
Gulu la anthu aku Australia ndi Indonesia adapeza zotsalira za mtundu watsopano wa anthu ku East Kalimantan, Borneo, pomwe amakumba phanga la mandimu mu 2020 pofunafuna zojambula zakale zamatanthwe.
Zomwe anapezazo zinakhala umboni wa kudulidwa koyambirira kodziwika bwino kwa opaleshoni, zomwe zinapezedwa kale za njira zovuta zachipatala ku Eurasia zaka makumi masauzande.
Asayansi akuti zotsalirazo zidakhala zaka pafupifupi 31,000 poyeza zaka za dzino ndi dothi lokwirira pogwiritsa ntchito chibwenzi cha radioisotope.
Kudula mwendoyo mochita opaleshoni zaka zingapo asanaikidwe kunayambitsa zophuka za mafupa kumunsi kumanzere kwa mwendo, monga momwe kuululira kwa palaeopathological analysis.
Katswiri wa zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi Dr Tim Maloney, wochita kafukufuku pa yunivesite ya Griffith ku Australia yemwe ankayang'anira kufukulako, anafotokoza kuti zomwe anapezazo ndi "maloto omwe anakwaniritsidwa".
Gulu la akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale kuphatikiza asayansi ochokera ku Indonesia Institution for Archaeology and Conservation anali kupenda malo akale azikhalidwe pomwe adapeza malo oyika maliro kudzera m'miyala pansi.
Anapeza mabwinja a mlenje wachinyamata yemwe anali ndi chitsa chochiritsidwa kumene mwendo wake wakumanzere ndi phazi zidadulidwe pambuyo pa masiku 11 akufukula.
Chitsa choyeracho chikuwonetsa kuti machiritsowo adachitika chifukwa chodulidwa m'malo mwangozi kapena kuukiridwa ndi nyama, adatero Maloney.
Malinga ndi Maloney, mlenjeyo adapulumuka kunkhalango yamvula ali mwana komanso wamkulu woduka ziwalo, ndipo sikuti izi zidali zodabwitsa zokha, komanso zidali zofunikira pazachipatala. Ananenanso kuti chitsa chake sichinasonyeze kuti ali ndi matenda kapena kuphwanyidwa mwachilendo.
Asanapezeke izi, Maloney adanena kuti pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo, kudulidwa ziwalo kumakhulupirira kuti kunali chilango chosapeŵeka cha imfa, mpaka maopaleshoni atayenda bwino chifukwa cha magulu akuluakulu aulimi.
Chigoba chakale chomwe chinapezedwa ku France chinakhalapo zaka 7,000 zapitazo ndi umboni wakale kwambiri wosonyeza kuti anadulidwa chiwalo. Dzanja lake lamanzere linali likusowa kuchokera pachigongono kutsika.
Maloney adanena kuti izi zisanachitike, mbiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chidziwitso cha anthu chinali chosiyana kwambiri. Zimatanthawuza kuti anthu oyambirira adadziwa njira zopangira opaleshoni zovuta kuti munthu uyu apulumuke atachotsedwa phazi ndi mwendo.
Dokotala wa opaleshoni ya miyala ya miyala ayenera kuti anali ndi chidziwitso chambiri cha anatomy, kuphatikizapo mitsempha, mitsempha ndi mitsempha, kuti asawononge magazi ndi matenda. Opaleshoni yopambanayo inapereka chisamaliro chapadera, kuphatikizapo kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Kunena zowona, kupezedwa kodabwitsaku ndi chithunzithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha m'mbuyomu ndipo chimatipatsa malingaliro atsopano pa kuthekera kwa anthu oyambirira.
Pulofesa Matthew Spriggs wa ku Australian National University School of Archaeology and Anthropology, yemwe sanachite nawo kafukufukuyu, adati zomwe anapezazo ndi "zolemba zofunika kwambiri za mbiri ya zamoyo zathu" zomwe "zimatsimikiziranso kuti makolo athu anali anzeru ngati ife. , ndi kapena popanda matekinoloje omwe timawaona ngati mopepuka masiku ano”.
Spriggs adati siziyenera kudabwitsa kuti anthu azaka zamwala akadatha kumvetsetsa momwe nyama zoyamwitsa zimagwirira ntchito posaka, komanso kukhala ndi chithandizo cha matenda ndi kuvulala.
Masiku ano, tikutha kuona kuti munthu wakale wakale wa phanga la ku Indonesia adachitidwa opaleshoni yamtundu wina pafupifupi zaka 31,000 zapitazo. Koma sitingakhulupirire. Umenewu unali umboni wakuti anthu oyambirira anali ndi chidziŵitso cha chibadwa cha thupi ndi mankhwala chimene chinali choposa zimene tinkalingalira. Komabe, funso linali lakuti: Kodi anadziŵa bwanji zimenezi?
Zikadali chinsinsi mpaka lero. Mwina sitidzadziwa momwe anthu am'badwo wamwala wakale adapeza chidziwitso chawo chapamwamba. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi chotsimikizika, zomwe zapezekazi zili ndi mbiri yolembanso momwe tikudziwira.
