Chizoloŵezi cha alchemy chinayambira kale, koma mawuwo adangoyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17. Amachokera ku Arabic kimiya ndi mawu oyambirira achi Persian al-kimia, kutanthauza "luso la transmuting metals"—mwa kulankhula kwina, kusintha chitsulo chimodzi kukhala china.
M'malingaliro a alchemical, zitsulo zinali zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimayimira zofunikira za zinthu zonse. Zinalinso zothandiza—akatswiri a zamankhwala ankatha kusandutsa zitsulo zapansi monga chitsulo kapena mtovu kukhala golidi, siliva kapena mkuwa posakaniza ndi zinthu zina ndi kuzitentha ndi moto.
Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale ankakhulupirira kuti njira zimenezi zimavumbula chinachake ponena za mmene zinthu zilili: Mtsogoleri ankaganiza kuti ndi mtundu wochepa wa Saturn; Iron, Mars; Mkuwa, Venus; ndi zina zotero. Kufufuza “m’moyo wabwino” kukupitirizabe lerolino pakati pa akatswiri a zamoyo ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo amene akuyesera kumvetsetsa mmene maselo ndi zamoyo zimakalamba.
Pa nthawi ina panali katswiri wina wa sayansi ya zakuthambo dzina lake Paracelsus yemwe ankakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kupanga "nyama yomveka" yopangidwa mwaluso, kapena munthu, yemwe adayitcha Homunculus. Malinga ndi Paracelsus, "Homunculus ali ndi ziwalo zonse ndi mawonekedwe a mwana wobadwa ndi mkazi, kupatula zazing'ono kwambiri."
Alchemy idachitidwa ndi zitukuko zingapo za Nyengo Yakale, kuchokera ku China kupita ku Greece Yakale, kusamukira ku Egypt munthawi ya Agiriki. Kenako, chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 12, inabwezedwa ku Ulaya kudzera m’matembenuzidwe achilatini a malemba achiarabu.
Pali zolinga zinayi zazikulu mu alchemy. Chimodzi mwa izo chikanakhala "kusintha" kwa zitsulo zotsika kukhala golidi; winayo kuti apeze "Elixir of Long Life", mankhwala omwe angachiritse matenda onse, ngakhale oipitsitsa (imfa), ndikupatsa moyo wautali kwa omwe adamwa.
Zolinga zonsezi zitha kukwaniritsidwa mwa kupeza Mwala wa Philosopher, chinthu chodabwitsa. Cholinga chachitatu chinali kupanga moyo wochita kupanga, homunculus.
Pali ochita kafukufuku omwe amazindikira kuti Elixir of Long Life ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi thupi la munthu lokha. Gwero la chinthu chosadziwika chotchedwa "Adrenochrome" ndi adrenalin glands kuchokera m'thupi lamoyo laumunthu. Pali zonena za chinthu chodabwitsachi komanso mumwambo wa Tai Chi Chuan.
Elizabeth Báthory, wodziwika bwino wa Blood Countess, anali mkazi wolemekezeka wa ku Hungary wa m’zaka za zana la 17 amene anapha mwadongosolo anamwali achichepere osaŵerengeka (600 m’nkhani zonse), osati mwa kuwazunza kokha, koma mwa kutenga magazi awo kuti amwe ndi kuwasamba kuti asunge unyamata wake.
Mawu akuti homunculus amawonekera koyamba m'zolemba za alchemical zomwe zimatchedwa Paracelsus (1493 - 1541), dokotala wa ku Switzerland-Germany ndi filosofi, wosinthika wa nthawi yake. Mu ntchito yake "De natura rerum" (1537), ndondomeko ya njira yake yopangira homunculus, analemba kuti:
“Umuna wa munthu udzivunde pawokha m’mphamba womata, ndi kuvunda kwapamwamba koposa kwa venter equinus [nyowe wa akavalo] kwa masiku makumi anayi, kapena kufikira utatha kukhala ndi moyo, kusuntha, ndi kugwedezeka, kumene kungawonedwe mosavuta. …Ngati tsopano, zitatha izi, tsiku lililonse limadyetsedwa ndi kudyetsedwa mosamala ndi mwanzeru ndi magazi [a] arcanum…amakhala, kuyambira pamenepo, khanda loona ndi lamoyo, kukhala ndi ziwalo zonse za mwana wobadwa kuchokera kwa mkazi, koma zazing'ono kwambiri. "
Palinso zotsalira za zolemba zakale zomwe zakhalapo mpaka lero zomwe zili ndi zinthu zopangira homunculus, ndipo ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
Pali njira zina zopangira homunculus, koma palibe zomwe zimadodometsa kapena zonyansa monga izi. Tikalowa m'zachinsinsi, mapangidwe a zilombozi amakhala osokonekera komanso osamvetsetseka, mpaka oyambitsa okha amamvetsetsa zomwe zikunenedwa.
Pambuyo pa nthawi ya Paracelsus, homunculus anapitiriza kuonekera m'mabuku a alchemical. Mbiri ya Christian Rosenkreutz "Chemical Ukwati" (1616), mwachitsanzo, amamaliza ndi kulengedwa kwa mawonekedwe aamuna ndi aakazi omwe amadziwika kuti ndi Homunculi.
Mawu ophiphiritsa amasonyeza kwa owerenga kuti cholinga chachikulu cha alchemy si chrysope, koma mbadwo wochita kupanga wa mitundu ya anthu.
Mu 1775, Count Johann Ferdinand von Kufstein, pamodzi ndi Abbé Geloni, mtsogoleri wachipembedzo wa ku Italy, amadziwika kuti adalenga homunculi khumi ndi luso lowoneratu zam'tsogolo, zomwe von Kufstein adazisunga m'magalasi a galasi kumalo ake ogona a Masonic ku Vienna.
Homunculi ndi antchito othandiza kwambiri, omwe amatha osati chiwawa chokha, komanso luso lamatsenga.
Nthawi zambiri, homunculi ndi atumiki okhulupirika kwambiri, ngakhale kupha pa lamulo ngati alchemist analamula. Koma, pali nkhani zambiri za akatswiri a alchemist omwe amachitira chilengedwe chawo mosasamala, mpaka pamene homunculus imatembenukira kwa mbuye wake pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri, kuwapha kapena kubweretsa tsoka lalikulu pamoyo wawo.
Masiku ano, palibe amene akudziwa ngati Homunculus anakhalapo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti analengedwa ndi mfiti kapena wafiti, pamene ena amanena kuti zinapangidwa ndi kuyesera kwa wasayansi wamisala zinalakwika.
Pakhala pali zochitika zambiri za Homunculus kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale masiku ano. Ena amati amaoneka ngati anthu ang’onoang’ono, pamene ena amati amaoneka ngati nyama kapena zilombo. Amati ndi othamanga kwambiri komanso othamanga, ndipo amatha kukwera makoma ndi madenga mosavuta.
Homunculus amanenedwa kuti ndi wanzeru kwambiri, ndipo amatha kulankhulana ndi anthu. Amanenedwanso kuti ndi oipa kwambiri, ndipo amasangalala kusewera anthu.
Pamapeto pa nkhaniyi, palibe njira yodziwira ngati pali Homunculus. Kukhalapo kwake kudakali chinsinsi. Komabe, maganizo oti analenga munthu mongochita kupanga akopa anthu kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ndipo asonkhezera ngakhale asayansi ena kuyesa kupanga cholengedwa choterocho.
Kotero, kaya Homunculus alipo kapena ayi, lingalirolo ndilosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi n'zotheka kuti cholengedwa choterocho chikhoza kukhalapo kwinakwake padziko lapansi; ndipo nkhani ndi zomwe adaziwona pazaka zambiri zitha kukhala zenizeni.
