Mbiri yolemba yakhala yayitali komanso yovuta. Malingaliro oyamba a malingaliro atatuluka m'zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zolemba zambiri zidapangidwa pakapita nthawi kudzera mwapang'onopang'ono komanso mwachilengedwe. Komabe, pali zosiyana. The Dispilio Tablet ndi imodzi mwa izo.
Chojambula chodabwitsachi chinapezeka mu a Neolithic Kukhazikika kwa nyanja komwe kumakhala pachilumba chopanga pafupi ndi mudzi wamakono wa Dispilio pa Nyanja ya Kastoria ku Kastoria Prefecture, Macedonia, ndi George Hourmouziadis, Pulofesa wa Prehistoric Archaeology ku Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, ndi timu yake mu 1993.
Anthu okhala m’derali zaka 7,000 mpaka 8,000 zapitazo ankakhala m’derali, ndipo Tabuleti ya Dispilio inali imodzi mwa zinthu zakale zimene zinapezeka kumeneko. Piritsili ndi lofunika chifukwa lili ndi zakale, cryptic zolemba zomwe zidayamba kale zaka 5,000 BC.
Kukhalapo kwa Tabuleti ya Dispilio (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Dispilio Lemba) imasemphana ndi chikhulupiriro chodziwika bwino cha akatswiri ofukula mabwinja chakuti kulemba sikunapangidwe mpaka 3,000 mpaka 4,000 BC. Sumeri.
Njira ya Carbon-14 (radiocarbon dating) idati piritsili lamatabwa la 5,260 BC, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale lakale kwambiri kuposa kalembedwe ka anthu aku Sumer. Mawu a pathabwalo ali ndi mtundu wa zolemba zomwe zingakhalepo kale Linear B zolemba zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Agiriki a Mycenaean.
Pulofesa Hourmouziadis adanena kuti zolemba zamtunduwu, zomwe sizinatchulidwebe, zikhoza kukhala zolankhulana zamtundu uliwonse, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zoimira kuwerengera katundu.
Malinga ndi Pulofesa Hourmouziadis, zolembazo zikusonyeza kuti chiphunzitso chamakono chosonyeza kuti Agiriki akale analandira zilembo zawo kuchokera ku zitukuko zakale za ku Middle East (Ababulo, Asumeriya ndi Afoinike ndi zina zotero) akulephera kutseka kusiyana kwa mbiri yakale kwa zaka 4,000.
Kusiyana kwakhungu kumeneku kumamasulira mfundo zotsatirazi: pamene anthu otukuka akum’maŵa akale ankagwiritsa ntchito ma ideogram kuti adzifotokozere okha, Agiriki akale ankagwiritsa ntchito masilabulo mofanana ndi mmene timagwiritsira ntchito masiku ano.
Chiphunzitso cha mbiri yakale chovomerezeka chomwe chimaphunzitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chikusonyeza kuti Agiriki akale adaphunzira kulemba cha m'ma 800 BC kuchokera ku Afoinike. Komabe, pali mafunso awiri ochititsa chidwi pakati pa akatswiri:
- Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuti chinenero cha Chigiriki chikhale ndi mawu 800,000, kukhala oyamba pakati pa zinenero zonse zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, pamene chachiwiri chili ndi mawu 250,000 okha?
- Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuti ndakatulo za Homeric zipangidwe cha m'ma 800 BC, pamene Agiriki akale adaphunzira kulemba?
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zilankhulo ku US, sikungakhale kotheka kuti Agiriki akale alembe zolemba zandakatulo izi popanda kukhala ndi mbiri yolemba zaka zosachepera 10,000 zapitazo.
Ndizodabwitsa kuganiza kuti phale lamatabwa la Dispilio linakhala pansi pa nyanja kwa zaka 7,500. Tsoka ilo, piritsilo litachotsedwa pamalo ake oyamba litapezeka, kukhudzana ndi okosijeni kunayambitsa kuwonongeka. Komabe, phale lakalekale tsopano likusungidwa.
Masiku ano, ndi ntchito yosatheka kuyika Dispilio Tablet pokhapokha ngati yatsopano Rosetta Stone zavundukulidwa. Iyi ndi nkhani yaikulu, monga piritsi ikhoza kulembanso mbiri za dziko. Ngati titha kuzindikira piritsi, ikhoza kuwulula zatsopano zokhudza masiku oyambirira a chitukuko cha anthu.
The Dispilio Tablet ndi chikumbutso cha kuchuluka kwa zomwe tikuyenera kuphunzira za zakale. Ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri, ndipo chiyenera kuphunziridwa ndi anthu abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Tikukhulupirira, tsiku lina, tidzatha kuzindikira piritsi ndikuphunzira zinsinsi zake.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kukhazikika kwa mbiri yakale ya Dispilio, werengani izi zosangalatsa nkhani.
