Kodi anthu akale a ku Sumer ankadziwa kuyenda m’mlengalenga zaka 7,000 zapitazo?

Mtumiki wa Zoyendetsa ku Iraq, Kazim Finjan, adanena mawu odabwitsa paulendo wamalonda ku Dhi Qar ku 2016. Iye akunena kuti anthu a ku Sumeriya anali ndi malo awo a mlengalenga ndipo ankayendetsa mwakhama dzuwa.

Kodi anthu akale a ku Sumer ankadziwa kuyenda m’mlengalenga zaka 7,000 zapitazo? 1
Nyumba yomangidwanso pang'ono komanso masitepe olowera ku Ziggurat yaku Uri, yomangidwa ndi Ur-Nammu, cha m'ma 2100 BC. © Mawu a Zithunzi: flickr/Joshua McFall

Asimeriya anali chitukuko chapamwamba chomwe chinakula pafupifupi zaka 7,000 zapitazo ku Mesopotamiya, yomwe pambuyo pake inadzakhala Babulo ndipo tsopano ili ku Iraq ndi Syria.

Ponena za kukongola kwa zomangamanga, mapiramidi aku Sumeriya sali otsika kuposa mapiramidi aku Egypt. Malingaliro angapo a ntchito ya ziggurats (zomanga zazikulu zomangidwa ku Mesopotamiya wakale) zaperekedwa, kuphatikiza chidwi cha ufologists. Palibe amene ankayembekezera kuti mkuluyo anene zimenezi.

Ziggurat ndi nyumba yayikulu yomangidwa ku Mesopotamiya wakale kuti abweretse kachisi pafupi ndi mlengalenga. Anthu a ku Mesopotamiya ankakhulupirira kuti akachisi awo a piramidi ankagwirizanitsa kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi.

Milungu yambiri inkapembedzedwa ndi Asimeriya. Iwo anapemphera kwa Anu (mulungu wakumwamba), Enki (mulungu wamadzi, chidziwitso, zoipa, zaluso, ndi chilengedwe), Enlil (Mphepo ya Ambuye), Inanna (Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba), Utu (mulungu dzuŵa), ndi Sin (mulungu dzuŵa) (mulungu-mwezi).

Anatulukira mawilo, zilembo za cuneiform, masamu, geometry, ulimi wothirira, macheka ndi zida zina, nsapato, magaleta, makokoni, ndi mowa, ndi zina.

Finjan amakhulupirira kuti mabwalo a ndege oyambilira komanso malo opangira ndege anamangidwa zaka 7,000 zapitazo m’matauni akale a Eridu ndi Uri. Tsoka ilo, ndunayi sinafotokoze momwe Asimeriya adapezera ukadaulo wotero kapena chifukwa chake panalibe umboni woti alipo.

Poyendera malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a Iraqi Museum ku Baghdad, Pulofesa Kamal Aziz Ketuly anaona mapale atatu adongo a ku Sumerian omwe anali ndi zolemba za cuneiform ndi zojambula kuyambira cha m'ma 3,000 BC. Pa piritsi limodzi, akuti adavumbulutsa zojambula za mlengalenga wa dzuwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, "anthu a ku Mesopotamiya adagwiritsa ntchito kalendala yokhala ndi miyezi ndi zaka kuyambira 3000 BC, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mwezi udawunikidwa paubwana wake." “Maplaneti asanu onse ooneka ndi maso, limodzinso ndi Mwezi, Dzuwa, nyenyezi, ndi zochitika zina zakuthambo, ankadziŵika ndi kuphunziridwa” ku Mesopotamiya wakale. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, ndi Saturn ndi mapulaneti omwe akukhudzidwa.

Kodi anthu akale a ku Sumer ankadziwa kuyenda m’mlengalenga zaka 7,000 zapitazo? 2
Mapiritsi adongo akale aku Sumerians. ©Mawu a Chithunzi: British Museum

Asayansi apereka mafotokozedwe angapo okhudza momwe akachisi okhala ndi mizere yambiri adayambira. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi chofunikira kuti nyumbayo ikhale yabwino kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa idapangidwira milungu. Zotsatira zake, gawo lililonse lomwe likuyenda bwino lidamangidwa pamwamba pa lapitalo.

Asimeriya anasonyeza chikhumbo chawo cha kumtunda. Chiwerengero cha nsanja chingakhale chofanana ndi chiwerengero cha anthu odziwika bwino. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kumunsi kwa Mesopotamiya kunalibe matabwa ndi mchere.

Ndikosatheka kudziwa komwe zida za chombo chamlengalenga chathunthu zidachokera chifukwa Asimeriya anali amalonda achangu. Choonadi chidzaphimbidwa ndi nthawi. Anthu a ku Sumer akanakhala kuti anagonjetsa mlengalenga, akanathaŵa dziko lapansi kalekale.