Malinga ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino a paleontologists, ma dinosaur adasowa zaka 65 miliyoni chisinthiko cha anthu amakono chisanachitike. Izi sizinalepheretse chiphunzitso chakuti ma dinosaur ena atha kukhalabe ndi moyo ngati anthu otsalira ndipo adawonekera muzojambula zaumunthu.
Chojambula chodabwitsa kwambiri ku Ta Prohm, kachisi wokongola kwambiri ku Angkor, likulu lakale la Khmer Empire, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha zojambulajambula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira mfundoyi.
Ta Prohm idamangidwa ngati nyumba ya amonke a Mahayana Buddha munthawi ya mfumu ya Khmer Jayavarman VII (1181-1218 AD). Ufumu wa Khmer utagwa, kachisiyo adasiyidwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso ndi nkhalango mpaka zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, pomwe zofukulidwa zakale ku Angkor zidayamba.
Ta Prohm amadziwika kwambiri masiku ano chifukwa cha mawonekedwe odabwitsa a mizu yamitengo ikuluikulu ikudutsa m'miyala yotayika. Kawonedwe kokongola kameneko, komabe, kakuyang’aniridwa ndi kusamalidwa bwino masiku ano kuonetsetsa kuti kachisi sakuipitsidwanso kapena kukhala wowopsa kwa anthu ochuluka amene amafika pamalopo chaka chilichonse.
Dikirani, kodi imeneyo ndi stegosaurus?
Ta Prohm yakhala yodziwika bwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa ma dinosaur omwe alipo chifukwa cha chilombo chokhazikika pamakoma a kachisi chomwe ena amati chikufanana ndi stegosaurus. Maonekedwe a msana wake amene amafanana ndi mbale zam’mwamba za dinosaur yodziwika bwino zimapatsa cholengedwa chimenechi mawonekedwe a saurian.
Uwu ndi mkangano womwe umakonda kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata okhulupirira kuti chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi, omwe amakhulupirira kuti zikuwonetsa kuti ma dinosaur anakhala ndi anthu kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zithunzi zawo zizikhomeredwa pamakoma a kachisi.
Kodi ndizotheka kuti cholengedwa ichi ndi dinosaur? Kwa malingaliro amakono, amafanana ndi dinosaur. Komabe, pali zovuta zazikulu ndi lingaliro ili. Nkhani yoyamba ndi yakuti mbale zomwe zimayenera kuwonetsa luso lazojambula zopezeka muzojambula zina zambiri kuzungulira kachisi.
Iwo amasiyana ndi ena otukuka m’maonekedwe, komabe lingaliro lakuti iwo akutukuka silingalephereke. Zomera zikachotsedwa, chilombocho chimafanana ndi chipembere kuposa dinosaur.
Palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti cholengedwa ichi ndi stegosaurus kapena dinosaur ina iliyonse popanda zojambula ngati mbale pamsana pake. Pazifukwa zina, nyamayo ilibe siginecha ya dinosaur spikes zazikulu kumbuyo kwa mchira.
Chifukwa chakuti ichi ndi mbali yosiyanitsa ya nyamayo, zikuoneka kuti n’zokayikitsa kuti wojambula angailekerere. Komanso, kumbuyo kwa chigaza cha nyamayo kumawoneka kuti kuli makutu kapena nyanga, zomwe stegosaurus analibe. Maonekedwe a mutu wa cholengedwa nawonso ndi olakwika.
Kapena mwina ndi dinosaur wopanda spike?
Otsatira chiphunzitso cha stegosaurus apereka njira zina monga nyama kukhala mtundu wa stegosaurus wopanda spikes. Chiphunzitso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti chojambulacho chimasonyeza stegosaurus woweta, ndipo spikes amachotsedwa pazifukwa zachitetezo ndipo nyamayo ili ndi pakamwa. Zofanana ndi khutu, malinga ndi lingaliro ili, ndi gawo la zomangira.
Kuti tichite mwachindunji pamalingaliro awiriwa, ndizotheka kuti mtundu wosadziwika wa stegosaurus unalipo womwe unalibe ma spikes, koma izi zimafunikira malingaliro owonjezera ndikuchirikiza zomwe zikuganiziridwa pano ndi zongopeka zochulukirapo. Sitiyenera kungoganiza kuti zikuyimira dinosaur, zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe, koma zimayimira dinosaur yomwe sitinakhale nayo umboni. Malingaliro awa akutsutsana ndi lumo la Occam.
Mtsutso wachiwiri ndi wovuta chifukwa palibe umboni womveka bwino wosonyeza kuti stegosaurus analipo m'mbiri yakale, osasiyapo kuti ankawetedwa ndi anthu. Sitinapeze mafupa atsopano, zomangira, kapena umboni wina wokhudzana ndi kuŵeta zamoyo zazikulu monga stegosaurus. Ngati pali ma dinosaurs apakhomo, ichi chikanakhala chitsanzo chokha chodziwika.
Itha kukhala dinosaur, chipembere, kapena nguluwe…
Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n’zosakayikitsa kuti cholengedwa chosonyezedwa pakachisicho chikuimira cholengedwa chodziwika bwino kwa anthu akale a ku Khmer. Akatswiri apeza kufanana pakati pa cholengedwacho ndi nguluwe, chipembere, kapenanso ndi nyama zina.
Sichimafanana ndendende ndi nyama zimenezi, koma pali zifukwa zambiri zokhulupirira kuti ndi chipembere, chokhala ndi makutu ndi mutu wake, monga momwe anthu amakhulupilira kuti ndi stegosaurus, chokhala ndi zotuluka ngati mbale zapakhosi.
Cholengedwacho sichidziwika bwino. Sitingakhale otsimikiza kuti si dinosaur, koma chifukwa chakuti Khmers anakumana ndi ma rhinoceroses, nguluwe, ndi mphutsi koma palibe ma dinosaurs amoyo, ndizotheka, malinga ndi umboni ndi lumo la Occam, kuti ndi imodzi mwa nyama zosadziwika. adapereka malingaliro m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa anthu otsalira a stegosaurus.
Nkhani ina ikukhudza chilengedwe chenicheni. Chifukwa palibe umboni wotsimikizirika wa zotsalira za dinosaur zaposachedwa zomwe sizinapangidwe zakale ndi kuzingidwa mu thanthwe lolimba zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, ma dinosaurs aliwonse amoyo ayenera kukhala osowa kwambiri ndipo ayenera kungokhala kudera lakutali komwe angakhale otetezeka kwa adani monga. anthu ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chilengedwe chawo.
Poyerekeza, mtengo wa paini wa Wollemi, womwe umakhala wamtengo wapatali ku Mesozoic, umapezeka kumadera akutali a Australia omwe mwina asintha pang'ono zaka zikwizikwi.
Cambodia inali nyumba yachitukuko chachikulu cha m'matauni, Ufumu wa Khmer, panthawi yomwe kachisiyo anamangidwa, ndipo wakhala akukhalidwa ndi anthu kuyambira ku Lower Paleolithic. Mosakayikira anthu awononga chilengedwe ku Southeast Asia mwa kudula nkhalango ndi kukhazikitsa minda, matauni, ndi mizinda.
Chotsatira chake, sichitetezedwa ku zisonkhezero za chilengedwe zomwe zingasokoneze chilengedwe ndi kuchititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chiwonongeke. Ngakhale kuti izi sizikulepheretsa kuti chiwerengero cha ma dinosaur m'derali adziwike ndi anthu mochedwa kwambiri m'mbiri, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zochepa.
Malingaliro ena pa 'dinosaur'
Chifukwa chokha chokhulupirira kuti ndi dinosaur ndi chifukwa chakuti imagwirizana ndi mafotokozedwe omwe anthu ena amakonda, monga achinyamata okhulupirira kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi omwe amakhulupirira kuti ma dinosaur ndi anthu amakhalapo limodzi kapena oganiza mopanda malire omwe amakhulupirira kuti pali mitundu ina yomwe yatsala ya ma dinosaurs omwe sanathe, onse awiri. zomwe zili zovomerezeka, zomveka zomveka koma sizikuthandizidwa ndi umboni uliwonse wosatsutsika.
Popeza pakali pano palibe umboni wosatsutsika wochokera mu zolembedwa zakale kapena mbiri yakale kuti anthu ndi ma dinosaur anakhalako, kufotokoza kuti cholengedwacho ndi stegosaurus n’chosatheka kusiyana ndi kufotokoza kuti ndi chipembere, ntchentche, nguluwe, nyama ina yamakono, kapena ngakhale cholengedwa chongopeka.
Tili ndi umboni wosatsutsika wosonyeza kuti zipembere, nguluwe, ndi mbira zinakhala limodzi ndi anthu ndipo n’kutheka kuti akatswiri aluso anakumanapo ndi kuzifotokoza. Kumbali ina, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti ma<em>dinosaur analipo panthaŵi imodzi ndi anthu kapena kuti anthu akanakumana nawo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zokwawa zazikulu zomwe zidakhalapo kale sikutheka kupezeka mu Ufumu wa Khmer womwe uli ndi anthu ambiri. Asanafotokozere kuti wojambulayo adakumana ndi dinosaur wamoyo angawoneke ngati abwino, mafotokozedwe ambiri ayenera kuchotsedwa.
