A Menehune akuti ndi mtundu wakale wa anthu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhala ku Hawaii oukira aku Polynesia asanafike. Ofufuza ambiri amalongosola Menehune ndi zomangamanga zakale zomwe zinapezedwa kuzilumba za Hawaii. Ena, komabe, atsimikiza kuti miyambo ya Menehune ndi nthano zapambuyo pa Ulaya komanso kuti palibe mtundu woterowo.
Nthano ya Menehune imayambira pa chiyambi cha mbiri ya Polynesia. Anthu oyambirira a ku Polynesia atafika ku Hawaii, anapeza madamu, maiwe a nsomba, misewu, ngakhalenso akachisi omangidwa ndi a Menehune, omwe anali amisiri aluso. Zina mwa zomangidwazi zidakalipobe, ndipo luso laluso kwambiri likuwonekera.
Malinga ndi mwambo, Menehune aliyense anali katswiri pa ntchito inayake ndipo ankagwira ntchito imodzi yodziwika bwino komanso yolondola kwambiri. Iwo amapita mumdima kuti apange chinachake mu usiku umodzi, ndipo ngati sanapambane, ntchitoyo idzasiyidwa.
Ofufuza ena, monga Katharine Luomala, katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu, amaganiza kuti a Menehune anali anthu oyambirira ochokera ku Hawaii, ochokera ku zilumba za Marquesas omwe ankaganiziridwa kuti adagonjetsa zilumba za Hawaii pakati pa 0 ndi 350 AD.
Pamene kuukira kwa Tahiti kunachitika m'chaka cha 1100 AD, okhazikika oyambirirawo anagonjetsedwa ndi a Tahiti, omwe amatchula anthu kuti 'manahune' (kutanthauza 'anthu otsika' kapena 'malo otsika' ndipo sakugwirizana ndi kukula kochepa). Iwo anathaŵira kumapiri ndipo potsirizira pake anatchedwa 'Menehune.' Lingaliro limeneli likuchirikizidwa ndi kalembera wa 1820 amene anaika anthu 65 kukhala Menehune.
Malinga ndi a Luomala, a Menehune satchulidwa mu nthano za anthu omwe angakumane nawo, choncho mawuwa sakutanthauza mtundu wakale wa anthu. Komabe, mkangano umenewu ndi wofooka chifukwa nthano zambiri za mbiri yakale zinkaperekedwa ku mibadwomibadwo ndi pakamwa.
Ngati Luomala ndi ofufuza ena mumsasa wake ali olondola, ndipo panalibe mtundu wakale wa amisiri aluso omwe pamaso pa anthu a ku Polynesia, ndiye kuti payenera kukhala kufotokozera kwina kwa zomangamanga zakale zamakono zomwe zisanachitike anthu onse odziwika ku Hawaii.
Komabe, palibe mafotokozedwe ena, ndipo zolemba zambiri za mbiri yakale zikupitiriza kunena kuti anthu a ku Polynesia anali anthu oyamba kukhala ku Hawaii zaka 1,500 zapitazo. Choncho, tiyeni tione zina mwa zinthu zakale zomwe zakhala zikugwirizana ndi Menehune m’mbiri ya chigawochi.
Niumalu, Kauai's Alekoko Fishpond Wall
Alekoko Fishpond, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Menehune Fishpond, ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chaulimi wakale wa ku Hawaii. Khoma la miyala ya chiphalaphala lalitali mamita 900 pakati pa dziwe ndi mtsinje wa Hulei’a anamangidwa n’cholinga choti amange dziwe m’mbali mwa mtsinjewo n’cholinga choti muzitha kusunga ana ansomba mpaka atakula kwambiri moti n’kutha kudya. . Miyala yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito inali ya m'mudzi wa Makaweli, womwe uli pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 274. Imawonedwa ngati luso losamvetsetseka ndipo idaphatikizidwa ku National Register of Historic Places mu 25.
Malinga ndi nthano za ku Hawaii, dziwe linapangidwa usiku umodzi ndi a Menehune, omwe adakhazikitsa mzere wa msonkhano kuchokera kumalo osungira nsomba kupita ku Makaweli, akudutsa miyala imodzi ndi imodzi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.
Tsamba lamwambo la Necker Island
Zilumba za Northwestern Hawaiian zikuphatikizapo Necker Island. Pali zizindikiro zochepa za ntchito za anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, chilumbachi chili ndi malo 52 ofukula zinthu zakale, kuphatikizapo 33 ceremonial heiaus (miyala yowongoka ya basalt) yomwe imanenedwa kuti ndi yakumwamba, komanso zinthu zamwala zofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa kuzilumba zazikulu za Hawaii.
Mapangidwe a heiau amasiyana pang'ono, koma nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nsanja zamakona anayi, mabwalo amilandu, ndi miyala yowongoka. Chimodzi mwa malo ochitira mwambowa ndi 18.6 mamita ndi 8.2 mamita mu kukula. Miyala yoongoka 19, yomwe amaganiziridwa kuti ikuimira miyala XNUMX yoyambirira, idakalipobe.
Akatswiri ambiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu amaganiza kuti chilumbachi chinali malo achipembedzo komanso miyambo. Necker Island inali malo omaliza odziwika a Menehune, malinga ndi nthano ndi miyambo ya anthu okhala ku Kauai, yomwe ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa.
Atatha kukakamizidwa kuchokera ku Kaua'i ndi a Polynesia amphamvu, a Menehune adakhazikika pa Necker ndikupanga nyumba zambiri zamwala kumeneko, malinga ndi nthano.
Kuyendera pachilumbachi akuti kunayamba zaka mazana angapo pambuyo poti zilumba zazikulu za ku Hawaii zidakhazikika ndipo zidatha zaka mazana angapo ku Europe kusanachitike.
Waimea, Kauai's Kakaola Ditch
Kkaola ndi ngalande yakale yothirira pachilumba cha Kauai, pafupi ndi Waimea. Inayikidwa pa National Register of Historic Places pa November 16, 1984, monga Menehune Ditch. Anthu a ku Hawaii anamanga ngalande zokhala ndi miyala zingapo zoti azithirira madziwe opangira taro (kalo), ngakhale kuti mwala wosekedwa sunali wogwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri kulumikiza ngalande.
Mipiringidzo 120 yodulidwa mwaukhondo ya basalt yomwe imazungulira mamita 200 kuchokera kunja kwa khoma la Menehune Ditch imakwezera kukhala “pamwamba pa ngalande za miyala,” monga momwe katswiri wofukula za m’mabwinja Wendell C. Bennett akunenera. Akuti anamangidwa ndi a Menehune.
Palibe mafupa amtundu wa anthu omwe adapezekapo pa Kaua'I kapena pachilumba china chilichonse ku Hawaii mpaka pano. Ngakhale kuti izi sizimatsutsa kukhalapo kwa mtundu wa anthu ocheperako, zimatsimikizira kuti nthanoyi ndi yowona kukhala yokayikitsa.
Ngakhale kuli tero, pali umboni wokhutiritsa, ponse paŵiri ofukula m’mabwinja ndi m’nkhani zosiyanasiyana zadutsa m’mibadwo, kusonyeza mtundu wakale wa anthu aluso kwambiri okhala pazisumbu za ku Hawaii kalekale anthu a ku Polynesia asanafike.
