Nthano ya Makhunik imapangitsa munthu kuganiza "Liliput City (Court of Lilliput)" kuchokera m’buku lodziwika bwino la Jonathan Swift Ulendo wa Gulliver, kapena ngakhale dziko lokhalamo anthu a Hobbit kuchokera ku buku ndi kanema wa JRR Tolkien Ambuye wa mphete.
Izi, komabe, sizongopeka. Ndizodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe akatswiri ofukula mabwinja amapeza. Makhunik ndi malo okhala ku Iran wazaka 5,000 omwe adapezeka ku Shahdad, m'chigawo cha Kerman, komwe kumakhala anthu ochepa. Amatchedwa Shahr-e Kotouleha (City of Dwarfs).
Malinga ndi Iran Daily: "Palibe amene ankaganiza kuti chitukuko chakale chingakhalepo m'chipululu muno mpaka 1946." Komabe, mbiya zinafukulidwa ku Shahdad monga umboni wa chitukuko chomwe chinalipo m'chipululu cha Lut kutsatira maphunziro opangidwa ndi Geography Faculty of Tehran University mu 1946.
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa vutoli, gulu la akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale linayendera derali ndipo linachita kafukufuku womwe unachititsa kuti anthu apeze chitukuko cha mbiri yakale (kumapeto kwa 4th millennium BC ndi chiyambi cha 3rd millennium BC).
Pakati pa 1948 ndi 1956, malowa anali malo ofukulidwa asayansi ndi ofukula mabwinja. Mkati mwa magawo asanu ndi atatu okumba, manda a m’zaka za chikwi chachiwiri ndi chachitatu BC, komanso ng’anjo zamkuwa, anafukulidwa. M'manda a Shahdad anapeza mbiya zambiri zoumba ndi zamkuwa.
Dera lodziwika bwino la Shahdad limayenda makilomita 60 kudutsa pakati pa chipululu cha Lut. Malo ogwirira ntchito, malo okhala, ndi manda onse ali mbali ya mzindawu. Kafukufuku wofukulidwa m’mabwinja m’gawo lokhalamo la City of Dwarfs anasonyeza kukhalapo kwa madera ang’onoang’ono okhala ndi miyala ya miyala yamtengo wapatali, amisiri, ndi alimi. Panthawi yofukula, pafupifupi manda 800 akale adapezeka.
Kafukufuku wofukulidwa m’mabwinja ku City of Dwarfs akusonyeza kuti anthuwa anachoka m’derali zaka 5,000 zapitazo chifukwa cha chilala ndipo sanabwererenso. Mir-Abedin Kaboli, yemwe amayang'anira zofukula zakale za Shahdad, adati, “Pambuyo pofukula zaposachedwapa, tinaona kuti anthu a ku Shahdad anasiya katundu wawo wambiri m’nyumba n’kukuta zitseko ndi matope.” Ananenanso "izi zikuwonetsa kuti anali ndi chiyembekezo kuti tsiku lina adzabweranso."
Kaboli akugwirizanitsa kuchoka kwa anthu a Shahdad ndi chilala. Mapangidwe osamvetseka a nyumba, misewu, ndi zida zomwe zidapezeka pamalowa ndi gawo lofunikira la Shahdad.
Ndi ma dwarfs okha omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makoma, denga, ng'anjo, mashelefu, ndi zida zonse. Mphekesera zinafalikira za kupezeka kwa mafupa a dwarf ataulula Mzinda wa Dwarfs ku Shahdad ndi nthano za anthu omwe amakhala kumeneko. Chitsanzo chaposachedwa kwambiri chinali ndi kupezeka kwa mayi wocheperako yemwe amatalika 25 cm. Ogulitsawo adakonza zogulitsa ku Germany pa rial 80 biliyoni.
Nkhani zakumangidwa kwa ozembetsa awiri komanso kupezeka kwa mayi wachilendo zidafalikira mwachangu m'chigawo chonse cha Kerman. Pambuyo pake, Kerman Cultural Heritage department ndi apolisi adakhala pansi kuti afotokoze momwe mayiyo amakhalira ndi munthu wazaka 17.
Akatswiri ena ofukula zinthu zakale ndi ochenjera ndipo amakana kuti mzinda wa Makhunik unkakhala anthu akale. "Popeza maphunziro azamalamulo sakanatha kudziwa za kugonana kwa mtembo, sitingathe kudalira iwo kuti tikambirane za kutalika ndi zaka za thupi, ndipo maphunziro ochuluka a anthropological akufunikabe kuti adziwe zambiri za zomwe anapeza," akutero Javadi, katswiri wofukula zakale wa Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation m'chigawo cha Kerman.
“Ngakhale zitatsimikiziridwa kuti mtembowo ndi wa munthu wamantha, sitinganene motsimikiza kuti dera lomwe anapeza m’chigawo cha Kerman linali mzinda wa dwarfs. Ili ndi dera lakale kwambiri, lomwe laikidwa m'manda chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo. Kupatula apo, luso laukadaulo silinapangidwe kwambiri panthawiyo kotero kuti mwina anthu sanathe kumanga makoma aatali a nyumba zawo,” akuwonjeza.
"Ponena zakuti palibe nthawi iliyonse m'mbiri ya Iran, sitinakhalepo ndi mitembo, sikuvomerezedwa kuti mtembo uwu watsekedwa. Mtembowu ukapezeka kuti ndi wa Iran, ungakhale wabodza. Chifukwa cha mchere womwe uli m'nthaka ya dera lino, mafupa onse apa ndi ovunda ndipo palibe mafupa omwe apezekapo mpaka pano.
Kumbali inayi, zofukulidwa zakale za 38 mumzinda wa Shahdad zimatsutsa mzinda waung'ono uliwonse m'derali. Nyumba zotsalira zomwe makoma awo ndi okwera masentimita 80 poyamba anali 190 masentimita. Ena mwa makoma otsalawo ndi otalika masentimita 5, ndiye tinganene kuti anthu okhala m’nyumbazi anali aatali a 5 centimita?” Akutero Mirabedin Kaboli, wamkulu wa zofukulidwa zakale mumzinda wa Shahdad.
Komabe, nthano za Anthu Aang'ono kwa nthawi yaitali akhala mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu m'madera ambiri. Mabwinja a anthu ang'onoang'ono apezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kumadzulo kwa United States, makamaka Montana ndi Wyoming. Nanga zidatheka bwanji kuti mabungwewa asakhalepo ku Iran wakale?
Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, kafukufuku wina m’derali anapeza kuti ngakhale zaka zingapo zapitazo, anthu a ku Makhunik nthawi zambiri sankafika msinkhu wa masentimita 150, koma panopa ndi ozungulira kukula kwake. Gawo lalikulu la gawo la mbiri yakaleli lakutidwa ndi dothi pambuyo pa kutha kwa zaka 5,000 kuyambira pomwe achichepere adachoka mumzindawu, ndipo kusamuka kwa achichepere a Shahdad kukadali chinsinsi.
