Mu 2015, gulu la akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale a ku America linafukula zida zosema pa malo ofukula mabwinja a Pliocene, omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 3.3 miliyoni. Pafupifupi zaka 3.3 miliyoni zapitazo, munthu wina anayamba kugwedezeka pa thanthwe la mtsinje. Kumenyetsa uku kunasintha mwala kukhala chida, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nyama kapena kuswa mtedza. Ndipo kupambana kwaukadaulo kumeneku kunachitika kalekale anthu asanawonekere pachisinthiko.
Kuyambira ma hominids oyambirira, Homo habilis, zitabwera zaka mazana ambiri pambuyo pake, zomwe anapezazo ndi zovutitsa maganizo: Ndani anapanga zida zimenezi? Zomwe anapezazi zinachitika pamalo ofukula mabwinja a Lomekwi 3, Kenya, ndipo akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi mphamvu yosintha zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi ndikukakamiza kuti mbiri yakale ilembedwenso.
Kupeza kumeneku kunawonjezeredwa pamndandanda wazinthu zina zosamvetsetseka zomwe malinga ndi zofukula zakale sizitheka. Pakati pa zida pafupifupi 150 zopezedwa pa malo ofukula mabwinjawo pali nyundo, nyundo, ndi miyala yosema zimene zikanagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo potsegula ndi kung’amba mtedza kapena ma tubers, ndi kusema makungwa a mitengo yomwe yagwa kuti apeze tizilombo todya.
Malinga ndi nkhani yofalitsidwa pa Nature.com, Lomekwi 3 knappers, ndikumvetsetsa bwino za kuwonongeka kwa miyala, kuphatikiza kuchepetsa kwakukulu ndi ntchito zomenya.
Poganizira zotsatira za msonkhano wa Lomekwi 3 wa zitsanzo zomwe zikufuna kusintha kusintha kwa chilengedwe, kusintha kwa hominin, ndi chiyambi cha luso lamakono, timapereka dzina lakuti 'Lomekwian', lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kale Oldowan zaka 700,000 ndipo ndi chiyambi chatsopano cha mbiri yakale yodziwika bwino. .
“Zida zimenezi zimaunikira nyengo yosayembekezeka ndi yosadziwika kale ya khalidwe la hominin ndipo zingatiuze zambiri zokhudza kukula kwachidziwitso kwa makolo athu akale zimene sitingathe kuzimvetsa kuchokera ku zokwiriridwa zakale zokha. Zomwe tapeza zikutsutsa lingaliro lakale loti Homo habilis ndiye anali woyamba kupanga zida, " Anatero Dr. Harmand, wolemba wamkulu wa pepala lofalitsidwa mu Nature.
"Nzeru zodziwika bwino m'maphunziro a chisinthiko chaumunthu kuyambira pomwe zidaganiza kuti zida zamwala zophatikizira zidalumikizidwa ndi kutuluka kwa mtundu wa Homo, ndipo chitukuko chaukadaulochi chinali chogwirizana ndi kusintha kwanyengo komanso kufalikira kwa udzu wa savannah." anatero Dr. Jason Lewis wa ku Stony Brook University.
"Cholinga chake chinali chakuti mzera wathu wokhawo udadumphadumpha pakugunda miyala pamodzi kuti ugwetse zipsera ndipo ichi chinali maziko a chisinthiko chathu."
Mpaka pano, zida zamwala zakale kwambiri zolumikizidwa ndi Homo zidalembedwa zaka 2.6 miliyoni ndipo zidachokera ku Ethiopia pafupi ndi zotsalira za oimira woyamba wa Homo habilis, omwe adafuna kuti akhale ndi luso lapadera logwiritsa ntchito manja awo kupanga zida.
Oldowan ndi dzina la "woyamba" uyu makampani a anthu. Ndipo mawu ofukula mabwinja akuti "Oldowan" ndiye chida choyamba cham'mabwinja cham'mabwinja m'mbiri yakale. Zida za Oldowan zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma hominids akale ku Africa, South Asia, Middle East, ndi Europe munthawi ya Lower Paleolithic, yomwe idachokera zaka 2.6 miliyoni zapitazo mpaka zaka 1.7 miliyoni zapitazo. Makampani apamwamba kwambiri a Acheulean adabwera pambuyo paukadaulo uwu.
Kulemba kwa zida zamwala izi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe adazipeza. Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu amakhulupirira kuti abale athu amtundu wa Homo, mzere womwe umapitako Homo sapiens, anali oyamba kupanga zida zotere. Komabe, muzochitika izi, ochita kafukufuku sakudziwa amene adalenga zida zakale izi, zomwe siziyenera kukhalapo molingana ndi zofukulidwa zakale. Chifukwa chake, kupezedwa kodabwitsaku kumatsimikizira zomwe zimatchedwa 'mbiri zopeka' za mabuku ena otchuka kukhala oona?
