Asayansi Ganizirani kuti ma radar omwe akuwonetsa kupezeka kwa nyanja zam'madzi zomwe zili pansi penipeni, zitha kutuluka kuchokera kudothi, osati madzi.
Kusaka moyo pa Red Planet
Kusaka kwa moyo kupitirira kuzungulira kwa dziko lapansi kwakhala chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri kwa akatswiri azakuthambo ndi Mars akukhulupirira kuti ndiye malo abwino kwambiri opezekapo. Moyo umakulira m'madzi omwe mulipo ndipo kafukufuku waposachedwa adadzetsa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi pofotokoza zakupezeka kwa nyanja zam'munsi pa Red Planet.
Tsopano, asayansi ena amaganiza kuti ma radar omwe akuwonetsa kuti kupezeka kwa madzi m'madzi awa omwe ali pansi penipeni atha kukhala kuti amatuluka kuchokera kudothi, osati madzi. Mapepala atatu omwe adasindikizidwa kumapeto kwa mwezi watha apereka chidziwitso chatsopano pazizindikiro zachinsinsi, ndikuumitsa lingaliro la nyanja.
Mu 2018, gulu lotsogozedwa ndi a Roberto Orosei aku Italiya Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica yalengeza umboni wosonyeza kuti kulibe nyanja zam'madzi pansi pamadzi oundana ku Mars 'South pole. Gulu linali litaphunzira za chida chochokera ku radar chomwe chinali mu European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express orbiter yomwe imawonetsa zowala pansi pa kapu ya polar. Zizindikirozi zitha kutanthauziridwa ngati madzi amadzi, asayansi anali atatsutsa.
Chozungulira chimagwiritsa ntchito ma radar kuti alowe mumiyala ndi ayezi, zomwe zidasintha momwe zimawonekera pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ofufuza atachita mayeso mu labotale yozizira tsopano akunena kuti ma sign sanali ochokera m'madzi.
Kuzizira kwambiri panyanja
Ofufuza tsopano akuti ambiri mwa nyanja izi atha kukhala kuti kumadera ozizira kwambiri kuti madzi akhalebe opanda madzi. A Aditya R Khuller ndi a Jeffrey J Plaut ochokera ku Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) a Nasa adasanthula ma elite 44,000 ochokera kumunsi kwa kapu yazaka 15 pazowonera. Anapeza ambiri mwa maulendowa m'malo oyandikira kwambiri, pomwe pamafunika kuzizira kwambiri kuti madzi akhalebe madzi.
Magulu awiri osiyana adasanthulanso zomwe adapeza kuti adziwe ngati pangakhale china chilichonse chomwe chingapangitse zikwangwani izi. Pomwe Carver Bierson wa ASU adamaliza kafukufuku wopanga lingaliro la zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse zikwangwani, kuphatikiza dothi, a Isaac Smith ku York University adayeza kuchuluka kwa ma smectites, gulu la dothi likupezeka ku Mars konse.
Dongo, osati madzi
Smith adayika mitundu ingapo yama smectite, yomwe imawoneka ngati miyala wamba koma idapangidwa ndimadzi amadzi kalekale, mu silinda wopangidwa kuti adziwe momwe ma radar angagwirizane nawo. Kenako adawathira madzi a nayitrogeni, ndikuwaziziritsa mpaka 50 digiri Celsius, pafupi ndi kutentha komwe kumawoneka kum'mwera kwa Martian. Akazizira, miyala yamiyala imafanana ndendende ndi mawonedwe a radar opangidwa ndi oyendetsa ndege a Mars a ESA.
Kenako gululi linayang'ana dothi lotero ku Mars pogwiritsa ntchito MRO, lomwe limanyamula wopanga miyala wotchedwa Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. Anapeza ma smectite atamwazikana kufupi ndi chipale chakumwera kwa ice pole. "Gulu la a Smith lidawonetsa kuti smectite wachisanu atha kupangitsa ziwonetserozo kuti zisakhale zachilendo mchere kapena kutentha ndikuti amapezeka kumwera chakumwera," adatero JPL.
Osati woyamba akuti
Malingaliro a subsurface lake si woyamba kukhala ndi misozi yapadziko lonse, mu 2015 NASA ya Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter idapeza zomwe zimawoneka ngati mitsinje ya mchenga wachinyezi kutsika kutsetsereka, chinthu chotchedwa "mapiri obwerezabwereza." Ofufuzawo adapeza zikwangwani zamchere wama hydrate pamalo otsetsereka pomwe mizere yodabwitsa idawoneka pa Red Planet. Mizere yakuda iyi idawoneka ikuchepa ndikudutsa pakapita nthawi.
Komabe, kuwunikanso mobwerezabwereza, pogwiritsa ntchito kamera ya High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) ya kamera, kuwonetsa kuyenda kwamadzimadzi, komwe mchenga ndi fumbi zimatsikira kutsika kuti zipange mizere yakuda, osati kuti nthaka idididwe ndi madzi osambira. Chodabwitsachi chidalipo pamapiri otsetsereka okwanira kuti njere zowuma zitsike momwe zimakhalira pamaso pa milu yogwira ntchito.
Ngakhale ndizosatheka kutsimikizira kuti ma radar owala bwino sanafike bwanji kumtunda wakummwera kwa Mars, kafukufuku waposachedwa apereka mafotokozedwe omveka bwino omveka bwino kuposa madzi amadzi.
