Ponena za zolengedwa zomwe zakhala zikugawana nafe dziko lapansi kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, nyongolotsi yaying'ono iyi mwina ndi mdierekezi yemwe simukumudziwa. Mu 2008, ofufuza ochokera ku mayunivesite a Ghent (Belgium) ndi Princeton (England) anali kufufuza kukhalapo kwa mabakiteriya m'migodi ya golidi ku South Africa pamene adapeza chinachake chosayembekezereka.
Kuzama kwa kilomita imodzi ndi theka, kumene zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi zimangokhulupirira kuti zingatheke, zolengedwa zovuta zinawoneka zomwe zimazitcha moyenerera. "Mdierekezi" (asayansi adalitcha "Halicephalobus Mephisto", polemekeza Mephistopheles, chiwanda chobisika cha nthano ya ku Germany ya m’zaka za m’ma Middle Ages, Faust). Asayansi anadabwa kwambiri. Nematode yaying'ono yotalika theka la millimeter iyi idapirira kutentha kopitilira 40ºC, kusakhalapo kwa oxygen komanso kuchuluka kwa methane. Zoonadi, imakhala ku gehena ndipo sikuwoneka kuti ili ndi chidwi.
Zinali zaka khumi zapitazo. Tsopano, ofufuza aku American University adasinthiratu mtundu wa nyongolotsi yapaderayi. Zotsatira, zofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepalayi “Kuyankhulana Kwachilengedwe”, apereka maumboni onena za momwe thupi lanu limasinthira ku zoopsa zachilengedwezi. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi olembawo, chidziwitsochi chitha kuthandiza anthu kuti azolowere nyengo yotentha mtsogolo.
Mdyerekezi nyongolotsi ndi nyama yamoyo yakuya kwambiri yomwe idapezekapo ndipo yoyamba pansi pa nthaka kuti ikhale ndi genome. Izi "Barcode" idawulula momwe nyamayo imakhalira ndi mapuloteni ambiri otentha otchedwa Hsp70, zomwe ndizodabwitsa chifukwa mitundu yambiri yamatode yomwe ma genome awo amatsatizana samawulula kuchuluka kotere. Hsp70 ndi jini lomwe limawerengedwa bwino lomwe limapezeka mu mitundu yonse ya moyo ndikubwezeretsanso thanzi lama cell chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kutentha.
Makope a Gene
Mitundu yambiri ya Hsp70 mu mtundu wa satana wanyongolotsi inali makope awo. Genome imakhalanso ndi mitundu ina ya majini a AIG1, omwe amadziwika kuti maselo amapulumuka mu zomera ndi nyama. Kafufuzidwe kena kadzafunika, koma a John Bracht, pulofesa wothandizira za biology ku American University yemwe adatsogolera ntchitoyi, akukhulupirira kuti kupezeka kwamakina a jini kumatanthauza kusintha kwa nyongolotsi.
“Mdyerekezi Worm sangathawe; ndi mobisa, ” Bracht akufotokoza munyuzipepala. “Sizingachitire mwina koma kusintha kapena kufa. Tikuganiza kuti nyama ikalephera kutentha kwambiri, imayamba kupanga mitundu ina ya majini awiriwa kuti ipulumuke. ”
Pofufuza ma genome ena, Bracht adazindikira milandu ina yomwe mabanja awiri amtunduwu, Hsp70 ndi AIG1, amafutukuka. Nyama zomwe adazizindikira ndi ma bivalve, gulu la nkhono zomwe zimaphatikizapo ziphuphu, nkhono, ndi mamazelo. Amasinthidwa kutentha ngati nyongolotsi ya mdierekezi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka mu South Africa atha kupitanso kuzinthu zina zomwe sizitha kuthawa kutentha kwachilengedwe.
Kugwirizana kwakunja
Pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo, mdierekezi nyongolotsi sanali kudziwika. Tsopano ndi mutu wophunziridwa m'mabungwe a sayansi, kuphatikiza a Bracht's. Bracht atapita naye kukoleji, amakumbukira kuwauza ophunzira ake kuti alendo afika. Fanizo silokokomeza. NASA imathandizira kafukufuku wa nyongolotsi kuti athe kuphunzitsa asayansi za kusaka kwa moyo kupitirira Dziko Lapansi.
“Gawo la ntchitoyi limaphatikizapo kusaka kwa 'biosignature': njira zokhazikika zamankhwala zotsalira ndi zamoyo. Timaganizira kwambiri za chilengedwe chopezeka paliponse, DNA, yopangidwa kuchokera ku nyama yomwe idasinthidwa kukhala malo omwe akuwoneka kuti sangakhalemo moyo wovuta: pansi panthaka, " akuti Bracht. "Ntchito imeneyi ndi yomwe ingatilimbikitse kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yofufuza zamoyo zakuthambo kupita kumalo akuya pansi pa nthaka" osakhalamo " akuwonjeza.
