Ndikusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi, madzi oundana osatha aku North ndi South pole Earth asungunuka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo madzi oundana akale amatipatsa zozizwitsa zatsopano chaka chilichonse.
Zina mwazomwe zapezedwa zimakhala zidziwitso zosangalatsa pazinsinsi zam'mbuyomu za anthu, kubwerera kwa ife zinthu zomwe zatayika munthawi yake kapena kunena za zovuta zina zomwe ngakhale asayansi odziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi sangathe kuzifotokoza.
Posachedwa, umunthu ukuwongolera kwambiri kuyang'ana kwawo mlengalenga, koma padakali ngodya zambiri zosafufuzidwa Padziko Lapansi, ndipo amodzi mwa malo otere, olemera ndi zinsinsi zosangalatsa, ndi Arctic Circle ndi Antarctica. Madzi oundana osatha akupitilizabe kusungunuka, ndipo njirayi imalola zinthu zatsopano, zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa, zodabwitsa kapena zochititsa mantha.
Kumpoto koopsa kungakhale malo oopsa komanso oopsa, chifukwa sitikudziwa zambiri za izi. Asayansi ndi akatswiri achiwembu amangokangana ndikunyozana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha malingaliro awo pazinsinsi zambiri za ku Arctic. Kaya ndi zikhalidwe zachilendo kapena zochitika zosadziwika bwino, madera ozizira kwamuyaya akupitilizabe kusokoneza malingaliro a ofufuza ndi azamatsenga, akuyesetsa kuti atulutse zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe zimachokera pansi pa ayezi mosasunthika.
Mwina sitipeza mayankho a mafunso athu posachedwa, ndipo zinsinsi zambiri zakumpoto sizingasinthidwe, koma ichi si chifukwa choti titseke nawo. Nayi zosankha 15 zodabwitsa kwambiri, zoopsa komanso zodabwitsa zopangidwa ku Arctic ndi Antarctica mzaka zaposachedwa.
Kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse kwakhala chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa madzi oundana aku polar. Kukula kwa madzi oundana a m'nyanja ya Arctic kumachepa kwambiri chilimwe chilichonse. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha modabwitsa, madzi oundana omwe akusungunuka akutulutsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe takhala todikirira kwazaka zambiri.
Mu Ogasiti 2016, kuphulika kosayembekezereka kwa matenda a anthrax kunapha mwana wazaka 12 ndikugoneketsa anthu 72 m'mudzimo. Choyambitsa mliriwu chinali kuipitsidwa kwa madzi apansi panthaka ndi timadziti ta cadaveric wa nswala zosungunuka, yemwe adamwalira ndi matenda owopsawa. Anthu a ku Siberia anavutika chifukwa madzi akumwa onse m'mudzimo anali ndi poizoni.
Ndipo apa pali chochitika china - ku Norway, matupi a anyamata 6 omwe adamwalira mu 1918 kuchokera ku chimfine cha Spain adapezeka, ndipo magazi a womwalirayo adapezeka ndi kachilombo kosungidwa bwino. Pakati pa akatswiri, pali nkhawa kuti manda oundana a nthomba m'tsogolomu nawonso ayambitsa matenda owopsa.
2 | Ana agaluwa ali ndi zaka 12,000
Mu 2001, ofufuza omwe adapita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Yakutia ndi chiyembekezo chopeza zotsalira za mammoth akale kumeneko, adapeza zotsalira za ana agalu kuchokera ku Ice Age. Patatha zaka zisanu, a Sergei Fedorov, wogwira ntchito ku World Mammoth Museum ku Northeastern Federal University, adapita kumalo omwe adapezeka agalu akale ndipo sanapeze imodzi, koma matupi awiri osungidwa bwino a Ice Age.
Agalu owuma angathandize asayansi kudziwa kuti agalu agawika liti komanso kuti agalu apadera otani a mimbulu ndikukhala nyama zoweta zoyambirira m'mbiri ya anthu. Kafukufuku wazomwe apezazi adawonetsa kuti ana agaluwo adamwalira ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 3 months, ndipo adamwalira, atagwa kwambiri.
Asayansi adzagwiritsa ntchito zotsalira za nyama zomwe zapezedwa kuti zifufuze za nthawi yakutukuka kwa zamoyozi, chifukwa pakadali pano asayansi sanabvomerezane za nthawi ndi malo omwe agalu adayambitsidwa ndi anthu.
3 | Malo obisika a Nazi ku Arctic
Mu Okutobala 2016, asayansi aku Russia adapeza malo achinsinsi a Nazi ku Arctic. Chinthu chotchedwa Schatzbraber kapena "Treasure Hunter" chidapezeka pachilumba cha Alexandra Land, ndipo chidamangidwa patatha chaka chimodzi kuchokera pomwe Germany idawukira Russia.
Mwachiwonekere, malowo analibe kanthu mu 1944, pomwe asayansi a Nazi adadzipiritsa okha ndi nyama ya polar. Kachiwiri anthu adawonekera kuno patadutsa zaka 72. Ofufuza malo aku Russia apeza zinthu pafupifupi 500 m'munsi mwake, kuphatikiza zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo zamu Second War, zonse zomwe zidabisika muzinyumba zaka zambiri. Pansi pake padasungidwa bwino chifukwa cha kutentha kotsika kwambiri.
Pali matembenuzidwe omwe chinthucho chidapangidwa kuti chifufuze zotsalira zakale ndi magwero amphamvu, pomwe Adolf Hitler adakhulupirira yekha. Komabe, akatswiri okayikira ambiri amakhulupirira kuti malo obisikawa adapatsa a Nazi zambiri za nyengo, zomwe zitha kupatsa Germany mwayi wambiri pakukonzekera asitikali ake, zombo ndi sitima zapamadzi. Anthu aku Russia tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito chilumbachi kuti amange malo awo ankhondo.
4 | Vuto lalikulu lakale
Mu 2014, mu ayezi wamuyaya wa Siberia, ofufuza adapeza kachilombo kotchedwa Pithovirus, kamene kanapuma kuzizira komwe sikanachitike kwa zaka pafupifupi 30,000, ndipo kunadzakhala wodwalayo wamkulu kwambiri wosakhala wama cell. Zomwe apezazi zimadziwika kuti ndizapadera, chifukwa Pithovirus ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri yama virus omwe amadziwika ndi sayansi yamakono.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma virus omwe amapezeka ku Arctic ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma virus wamba. Pitovirus ili ndi majini 500. Mwa njira, yomwe idapezeka mu 2013, Pandoravirus, yemwe tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi kachilombo kwachiwiri padziko lapansi, ali ndi majini pafupifupi 2,500. Poyerekeza, HIV ili ndi majini 12 okha. Chochititsa mantha kwambiri, pambuyo pa zaka 30,000 za kugona, chimphona chachikulu chimagwira ntchito ndipo chimatha kupatsira maselo a amoeba.
Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kutenga kachilomboka masiku ano, ngakhale zili zotheka kuopsa koteroko. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutapeza thupi la munthu amene wamwalira ndi matendawa. Zoterezi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri, koma lingaliro loti tizilombo tosadziwika komanso tomwe titha kukhala tangozi tibisala mu ayezi wamuyaya, kudikirira tsiku lawo lopezeka, zimapangitsa akatswiri ena kudandaula kwambiri.
5 | Mphamvu yokoka yomwe imapezeka ku Antarctica pansi pa ayezi
Mu Disembala 2016, asayansi adapeza chinthu chachikulu chobisika pansi pa ayezi wamuyaya wa Antarctica. Kupezeka kumeneku kunapezeka m'dera la Wilkes Land, ndipo ndi malo osasangalatsa okhala ndi mamitala pafupifupi 300, omwe amapezeka mozama pafupifupi mita 823. Zomwe anapezazi zimatchedwa kuti Wilkes Land gravitational anomaly, ndipo zidapezeka m'chigwacho chomwe chili ndi makilomita 500 chifukwa cha zomwe ma satellite a NASA adachita mu 2006.
Ofufuza ambiri amaganiza kuti zovuta zazikulu ndizomwe zatsalira za asteroid yayikulu isanachitike. Mwina anali 2 times (kapena, malinga ndi magwero ena, kasanu ndi kamodzi) wokulirapo kuposa asteroid, chifukwa chomwe ma dinosaurs adatha kale. Ofufuzawo akukhulupilira kuti ndi thupi lakumwambali lomwe lidayambitsa tsoka padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lidayambitsa kutayika kwa Permian-Triassic zaka 6 miliyoni zapitazo, pomwe 250% ya zamoyo zam'madzi komanso pafupifupi 96% ya zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi zinafa.
Monga nthawi zonse, akatswiri achiwembu amakhala osiyana. Ambiri aiwo amakhulupirira kuti pomwe phompho ili linali malo obisalamo alendo, kapena malo obisalako angelo ogwa kuchokera m'Baibulo, kapena ngakhale khomo lolowera mkatikati mwa Dziko Lapansi, pomwe pali dziko lapadera (lingaliro la Dziko lopanda dzenje).
6 | Chitukuko chodabwitsa cha Arctic
Mu 2015, makilomita 29 kumwera kwa Arctic Circle, asayansi adapeza zochitika zachilendo zakale. Ngakhale kuti izi zidapezeka m'chigawo cha Siberia, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza kuti anthuwa anali achibale a Persia.
Zotsalazo zidakulungidwa ndi ubweya (mwina zikopa za chimbalangondo kapena wolverine), khungwa la birch, ndikutidwa ndi zinthu zamkuwa. M'malo oundana, matupi "ovala" oterewa amawumitsidwa, motero amasungidwa bwino mpaka pano. Ponseponse, pamalo akalewa, ofufuza adapeza manda ang'onoang'ono 34 ndi matupi 11.
Poyamba, amakhulupirira kuti amuna ndi ana okha ndi omwe adayikidwa mmenemo, koma mu Ogasiti 2017, asayansi adazindikira kuti pakati pa ma mummies palinso thupi lomwe kale linali la mkazi. Asayansi anamutcha dzina lakuti Polar Princess. Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti msungwanayu anali membala wa anthu apamwamba, popeza mpaka pano ndiye yekhayo woimira amuna osagonana omwe adapezeka pazofukula izi. Ntchito ndi zinthu zakale zidapitilirabe, chifukwa chake nkutheka kuti padakali zinthu zambiri zodabwitsa zomwe zikutitsogolera.
7 | Chinsinsi cha zombo zankhondo HMS Terror ndi HMS Erebus
Zombo zankhondo zophulitsa mabomba a HMS Terror ndi HMS Erebus zidakonzekereranso makamaka ulendo wopita ku Arctic wotsogozedwa ndi Sir John Franklin mu 1845-1847. Zombo ziwirizi motsogozedwa ndi a Franklin zidanyamuka ulendo wopita kudera la Far North, koma kudera la Canada adagwidwa ndi ayezi, ndipo palibe m'modzi mwa mamembala 129, kuphatikiza wamkuluyo, sanabwerere kwawo.
Mu 1981-1982, maulendo atsopano adachitika, cholinga chake ndikufufuza zilumba za King William ndi Beechey (King William Island, Beechey Island). Pamenepo, asayansi adapeza matupi a mamembala ena a ulendowu ku Franklin, osungidwa bwino mpaka pano chifukwa chakuumitsa kwachilengedwe. Malinga ndi akatswiri azamalamulo, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa ofufuzawa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zakudya zoyipa zamzitini, chifuwa chachikulu komanso nyengo yayikulu yosagwirizana ndi moyo. Chifukwa chakufufuza zotsalirazo, akatswiriwo adatsimikiza kuti mamembala aulendo wa ku Franklin nthawi ina adachita misala chifukwa chotopa ndipo adayamba kudyerana - mabala okayikira komanso ma serif adapezeka pathupi lawo, umboni wovomereza za kudya munthu wina.
Kenako, pa Seputembara 12, 2014, gulu lomwe likuyenda kudera la Victoria Strait lidapeza kuwonongeka kwa HMS Erebus, ndipo patadutsa zaka 2 (Seputembara 12, 2016), mamembala a Arctic Research Foundation adapeza HMS Terror, ndipo pafupifupi .
8 | Phokoso losadziwika limachokera pansi pa Nyanja ya Arctic
Mu 2016, pafupi ndi malo a Eskimo ku Igloolik, dera la Nunavut (Igloolik, Nunavut), mdera la Canada Arctic, zidamveka zachilendo, zimabwera molunjika kuchokera pansi, ndikuwopseza ngakhale nyama zamtchire zomwe zimakhala m'madzi awa .
Gulu la asayansi, lotumizidwa ndi asitikali aku Canada, lidayenera kudziwa komwe amvekere, ndikufufuza ngati sitima yapamadzi yachilendo idasambira kupita kudera la boma. Koma pamapeto pake, zomwe adapeza anali gulu la anangumi ndi ma walrus 6. Ataonetsetsa kuti zikwangwani zosakayikitsa sizikubweretsa vuto lililonse, asitikali adachepetsa ntchitoyi ndikutuluka pamalopo.
Chiyambi cha mawu osamvetsetseka sichidziwikebe, koma otsatira ziphunzitso zachiwembu amakhulupirira mitundu ingapo yosangalatsa nthawi imodzi, kuphatikiza mauthenga ochokera kwa nzika za Atlantis zopeka, zikwangwani zochokera pansi pamadzi a zolengedwa zachilendo, kapena ngakhale mawu a chimphona chakuya- nyama za m'nyanja, zomwe sayansi sinadziwebe kalikonse.
9 | Zozizira zaku Arctic
Zigawo zodabwitsa zakhala zikuwoneka ku Siberia kwanthawi yayitali. Chimodzi mwazigawo zazikulu kwambiri izi chidapezeka mzaka za 1960, ndipo chidatchedwa chiphwanya cha Batagayka. Nyamulayi imakula chaka chilichonse pafupifupi mamita 15 m'mimba mwake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma craters atsopano adayamba kuwonekera pagombe lakummawa kwa Yamal Peninsula. Mwachitsanzo, m'mawa wa pa June 28, 2017, abusa a mphalapala anazindikira utsi ndi zipilala za utsi pafupi ndi mudzi wa Seyakha. Pamalo omwewo, ofufuzawo anapeza 10 crater new Arctic.
Kuphulika kwamabingu kwenikweni kudachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo. Madzi oundana osatha posachedwa asungunuka mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, malo osungira a methane omwe adasindikizidwa kale amatulutsidwa pansi pano ndi apo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolephera zatsopano.
Koma nanga bwanji popanda mitundu yosangalatsa ya akatswiri achiwembu? Pankhani ya ma funnel, akatswiri achiwembu amaperekanso malingaliro osangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, amakhulupirira kuti ma crater ndi omwe kale anali ma UFO oundana omwe nthawi zambiri amachoka pa Dziko Lapansi, ndikusiya mabowo osamveka bwino panthaka yachisanu. Mtundu wina wofala umati zigwa za arctic ndiye njira yolowera kudziko lina.
10 | Kupeza sitimayo ya HMS Thames
Mu Ogasiti 2016, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Goroshikha, kumwera kwa Arctic Circle, sitima yapamadzi yaku Britain yomwe idasiyidwa HMS Thames idapezeka, yomwe amakhulupirira kuti idamira kale mu 1877. Chombocho chidapezeka ndi ofufuza awiri ochokera ku Russian Geographical Society mdera la Njira Yanyanja Yakumpoto. Njirayi inali yotchuka kwambiri pakati paomwe amayenda kumalo akutali kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, koma kuyendetsa njirayo nthawi zambiri sikunaphule kanthu mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Chombocho chinamangidwa kuti chifufuze Gulf of Ob ndi Mtsinje wa Yenisei, ndikuyikapo njira yabwino kwambiri yamalonda yopita kumalire a Russia. Ogwira ntchitowo anasiya sitimayo atakhala m'nyanja ya Yenisei m'nyengo yozizira, popeza kuti HMS Thames inali itazizidwa kwambiri panthawiyi.
Sitimayo idagulitsidwa ndikugulitsidwa m'malo angapo, ngati zingatheke, ndipo pambuyo pake ogwira ntchito, motsogozedwa ndi Captain Joseph Wiggins (Joseph Wiggins), adabwerera kwawo ku UK. Gwirizanani, pali china chake chowopsa komanso chomvetsa chisoni pakupeza zotsalira za sitima yomwe yakhala ikuyenda kudutsa nyanja yakumpoto pazaka 140 zapitazi ..
