Chilumba cha Spain cha Menorca chili kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean ndipo ndichilumba chakum'mawa kwambiri kwa gulu la Balearic. Ndi chilumba chaching'ono, chamiyala chotalika makilomita 50 kutambalala kwake. Ngakhale kuti chilumbachi ndi kachidutswa chabe m'nyanja yayikulu, yakopa chidwi cha akatswiri ofukula mabwinja chifukwa cha miyala yamtengo wapatali yamwala 35 yomwazikana pachilumbachi. Mwachidule pamagaliths awa, omwe amatchedwa kwanuko monga ma taula, ndipo amangozolowera nthawi yomweyo. Ma taula a Menorca amawoneka ofanana kwambiri ndi megalith yotchuka yaku England yotchedwa Stonehenge ndi kachisi wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, Gobekli Tepe waku Turkey.
Chiyambi ndi cholinga cha ma taula sakudziwika, ngakhale zili ntchito za anthu akale. Pakhala pali malingaliro angapo ozungulira chinsinsi cha ma taulas, omwe nthawi zambiri amayang'ana kuzipembedzo kapena zakuthambo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi chizindikiro chachipembedzo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ma taulas anali kachisi wochiritsa. Pomaliza, pali lingaliro loti ma taula adalumikizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka mwezi.
Menorca ndi chilumba chaching'ono cha Spain chomwe chili ndi anthu pafupifupi 94,000. Imafika mamita 1,175 pamwamba pa nyanja pamwamba pake, ndi makilomita 358 m'lifupi mwake. M'nthawi zakale, Menorca anali ndi zikhalidwe komanso anthu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Ayuda, Vandals, Ufumu wa Byzantine, Crown of Aragon, Islam, Great Britain, ndi Spain. Anthu achi Talayotic omwe adapanga ma megaliths awa sanazindikire cholinga chenicheni cha zipilala zamiyala zomwe adazisiya. Tsopano, zaka masauzande pambuyo pake, ofufuza ndi akatswiri ofukula mabwinja akuyesera kudziwa chifukwa chake zidamangidwa.
Zomwe Menorca zimadziwika bwino ndi ma taula khumi ndi atatu. Mawu oti taula amatanthauza "tebulo" m'Chikatalani, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazilankhulo zazikulu za Menorca. Ma taula ndi ofanana ndi T, okhala ndi mwala waukulu wopingasa, wokhala pamwamba pa mwala wamtali, ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi khoma lofanana ndi U. Ma taula atali kwambiri amafika mamita 12 kutalika (3.7 mita). Kwa zaka zambiri amakhulupirira kuti ma taula adakutidwa ndi denga. Komabe, pamapeto pake, ofufuzawo adavomereza kuti nyumbayo sinaphatikizepo denga. Umboni womwe ulipo ukusonyeza kuti dzenje lamoto lamoto lili kutsogolo kwa taula, komwe denga lake silingakhale lothandiza.
Taulas ndichinthu choyenera kusilira, poganizira kuti zidamangidwa kalekale makina andalama asanapangidwe kapena njira zina zothandizira ntchito zolemetsa. Ndizosangalatsa kulingalira momwe makolo athu akale sanathere kukweza miyala yayikuluyo m'malo mwake, ndikupanga nyumba zoyenerera zomwe zitha kuyimira nthawi yayitali.
Taulas amakhulupirira kuti adamangidwa nthawi ina pakati pa 1000-3000 BC ndi chikhalidwe cha Talayotic. Ambiri ayesa kudziwa chifukwa chomwe ma taula adamangidwa komanso tanthauzo lake. Mwachiwonekere, kapangidwe kamene kangatenge kuyesayesa koteroko kuti apange kungatumikire cholinga chofunikira kwa iwo omwe adachimanga. Pali malingaliro angapo onena za cholinga chomwe ma taula amatumikira, chilichonse chimapereka chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa anthu achi Talayotic.
Kachisi wa Mulungu Wamphongo
Chiphunzitso chimodzi ndi chakuti taulas anali ngati kachisi wa mulungu wa anthu achi Talayotic. Palibe zisonyezo zachipembedzo chomwe amachita kapena chomwe amachitcha mulungu wawo, koma zomwe adazipeza pakufukula zapangitsa kuti m'modzi mwa ofufuzawo aganizire kuti mwina amalambira mulungu wamphongo. Ofufuzawo anali kufukula malo omwe amadziwika kuti "Torralba d'en Salort" atakumana ndi chifanizo cha ng'ombe yamkuwa, yomwe mwina idakhala pa shelufu mkati mwa "Torralba d'en Salortas" chinthu chachipembedzo. Ng'ombeyo idapezeka pakati pazinthu zina zakale zomwe zimafanana ndi zinthu zopembedza zomwe zimapezeka mu tchalitchi lero. Ng'ombe yamphongo ndiyofunikira kwambiri chifukwa anthu oyamba kukhala ku Menorca adachokera ku Krete, ndipo ng'ombe yamphongoyo idachita gawo lalikulu pachikhalidwe chake. Katswiri wofukula zinthu zakale ku Spain J. Mascaró Pasarius anali woyamba kupereka lingaliro la mulungu wamphongo, wokhala ndi mbale zoyimira nkhope ndi nyanga zamphongoyo. Chiphunzitsochi sichinavomerezedwe konse.
Kuchiritsa Kachisi - Constellation Centaurus
Lingaliro lina ndiloti taula ndi malo ochiritsira. Pansi pa chiphunzitso ichi, ma taulas anali okhudzana ndi gulu la nyenyezi la Centaurus. Lingaliro la machiritso lalimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zidapezeka pakufukula kwa taula. Pakufukulako, chifanizo cha ku Aigupto chidapezeka chili ndi mawu olembedwa kuti: "Ndine Imhotep mulungu wazachipatala." Ndipo chisoti cha akavalo chamkuwa choyimira mulungu wazachi Greek wa Asclepius. Kwa zaka zapitazi, gulu la nyenyezi la Centaurus lidayamba kukhala lovuta kuwona ndipo silimawoneka konse pofika 1000 BC Izi zitha kufotokozera zakusiyidwa kwa ma taula, chifukwa akhala opanda pake pomwe gulu la nyenyezi la Centaurus silikuwonekanso kwa Talayotic anali anthu .
Lingaliro la Mwezi wa Fenn
Mu 1930 wofukula mabwinja waku Germany, wofufuza, komanso wojambula, Waldemar Fenn, adafika ku Menorca ndikuphunzira mbiri yake. Anachita chidwi ndi chikhalidwe chawo chakale ndipo adakhalabe ku Menorca moyo wake wonse. Pambuyo pake Fenn adalemba mabuku awiri okhudza Menorca ndi taula. Lingaliro lake limawerengedwa ndi ofufuza ena ngati lingakhale loona kwambiri chifukwa zikuwoneka kuti likufotokozera bwino khumi ndi awiri mwa ma taulas khumi ndi atatu pachilumbachi. Taula yekhayo yemwe sankagwirizana ndi malingaliro ake anali megalith yomwe ili kumpoto kwa chilumbacho.
M'maphunziro a Fenn, adalemba zojambula zakale zamphanga zopezeka ku Menorca zomwe zimawonetsa kutanthauzira kolondola kwa magulu a nyenyezi. Izi zidamutsimikizira kuti anali kuchita ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chidakulitsa chidwi cha zakuthambo.
Fenn adazindikiranso kuti ma taulas onse amayang'anizana mbali yakumwera. Chinthu choyamba chomwe Waldemar Fenn adafuna kutsimikizira ndichakuti malowa anali chipilala chachipembedzo. Izi ziyenera kuti zinali zosavuta kuchita chifukwa zikhalidwe zambiri m'mbiri yonse zimatha kupanga zipembedzo zawo zomwe zikulozera kumalo omwe ali kumwamba. Komabe, Fenn adazindikira kuti izi sizingakhale choncho pomwe zidawululidwa kuti ma taulas sanaloze kumalo amodzi odziwika kumwamba.
Fenn adakonzanso malingaliro ake. Ngati ma taulas sanatchulidwe kwina kulikonse kumwamba, ndiye kuti mwina adapangira chinthu chakumwamba chomwe chimayenda. Izi zimawonetsa zabwino.
Zomwe Fenn adaphunzira ndikuti ngati wina ayang'ana pakhomo la taula mu Disembala, mwezi wathunthu ukadakhala pakona yakumanzere kumtunda kwa taula. Chaka chotsatira mwezi ukanakhala madigiri 1.5 kumanja kwa malo ake kuchokera chaka chatha. Pambuyo pa zaka 9, mwezi udzakhala mbali yina yeniyeni pamwamba pa Taula. Ulendo wazaka 9 izi ukhoza kufanana ndi madigiri 13.5 osunthika ndikupanga kozungulira mozungulira pamwamba pa taula. Pambuyo pazaka 18, mwezi ukadasinthiratu bwalolo ndikukhala pakona yakumanzere kwa taula monga zinali zaka 18 zisanachitike.
Fenn adanenanso kuchuluka kwa mizati yozungulira taula. Kunali mizati khumi ndi iwiri yodzaza, kuphatikiza mzati umodzi kukula kwake. Fenn adazindikira kuti theka la mzati silinafupikitsidwe chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake. Zinapangidwa motero mwadala. Potengera malingaliro ake amwezi, Fenn adadziwa kuti chaka chilichonse pamakhala miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kapena khumi ndi itatu. Wapakati, inde, angakhale 12.5. Nambala iyi ikufotokozera chifukwa chake pali magawo 12.5 ozungulira taula.
Koma vuto limodzi lidatsalira. Fenn adadziwa kuti masamba khumi ndi awiri mwa khumi ndi atatu a taula akuwonetseratu kuyenda kwa mwezi uku. Chokhacho chinali taula kumpoto kwa chilumbacho. Awa anali a taula okha omwe sanayang'ane malo omwewo khumi ndi awiriwo. Izi zidamusokoneza ndikulepheretsa lingaliro lake kuti lisalandiridwe konsekonse.
Sizinapitirire zaka zambiri kuti ofufuza adziwe kuti khomo la taula yekhayo silili pamalo pomwe lidalipo. Fenn mwina anali kulondola kuyambira nthawi imeneyo. Fenn amakhulupirira kuti ma taulas anali kalendala yakale. Anthu akale a Minorca omwe adapanga ma taulas zaka zoposa 3,500 zapitazo adatsata mwezi ndipo adaneneratu molondola kutha kwa mwezi.
Koma monga tonse tikudziwira, lingaliro ndi lingaliro chabe. Mwina tsiku lina tidzaphunzira cholinga chenicheni cha ma taula a Menorca. Mpaka nthawiyo, akhalabe chinsinsi chenicheni cha chilumba chosangalatsachi.
