Mu 2008, kafukufuku wasayansi adawulula chodabwitsa chokhudza anthu a palaeolithic - zojambula zingapo zamapanga, zina zomwe zinali zaka 40,000, zinali zopangidwa ndi zakuthambo zovuta zomwe makolo athu akale adazipeza kale.
Zojambula zakale zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizoyimira nyama zamakedzana ndizo mapu akale a nyenyezi, malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri awulula pakupeza kwawo kosangalatsa.
Zojambula zam'phanga zoyambirira zikuwonetsa kuti anthu anali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba chokhudza thambo la usiku m'zaka zomaliza za ayezi. Mwaluntha, iwo sanali osiyana kwenikweni ndi ife lero. Koma zojambula za m'mapanga izi zinawulula kuti anthu anali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba cha nyenyezi ndi magulu azaka zoposa 40,000 zapitazo.
Munali munthawi ya Paleolithic Age, kapena womwe umatchedwanso Old Age Age - nyengo yakale isanadziwike ndikupanga zida zamiyala zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi 99% ya nthawi ya ukadaulo waumunthu.
Mapu akale a nyenyezi
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi wofalitsidwa ndi University of Edinburgh, anthu akale amayang'anira kupita kwa nthawi poyang'ana momwe nyenyezi zimasinthira malo kumwamba. Zojambula zakale, zopezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Europe, sizimangoimira nyama zakutchire, monga momwe anthu amaganizira poyamba.
M'malo mwake, zizindikilo za nyama zikuyimira magulu a nyenyezi mumlengalenga usiku. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira masiku, kuwonetsa zochitika monga kugundana kwa asteroid, kadamsana, matalala a meteor, kutuluka ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa, ma solstices ndi ma equinox, magawo amwezi ndi zina zambiri.
Asayansi akuti anthu akale amamvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kwa dziko lapansi. Kupezeka kwa chodabwitsachi, chotchedwa kutsogola kwa ma equinox, kudadziwika kale kuti ndi Agiriki akale.
M'modzi mwa omwe adafufuza, Dr Martin Sweatman, waku University of Edinburgh adalongosola, "Zojambula zam'phanga zoyambirira zikuwonetsa kuti anthu anali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba chokhudza thambo usiku m'nyengo yachisanu yotsiriza. Mwaluntha, iwo sanali osiyana ndi ife lero. TZomwe apezazi zikugwirizana ndi mfundo zakuti nyenyezi zakhala zikukhudza anthu ambiri nthawi ya chitukuko ndipo zikuyenera kusintha momwe anthu akale anali kuwonera. ”
Chidziwitso chapamwamba cha magulu a nyenyezi
Akatswiri ochokera kumayunivesite a Edinburgh ndi Kent adaphunzira zaluso zingapo zodziwika bwino m'mapanga akale ku Turkey, Spain, France ndi Germany. Pakafukufuku wawo wozama, adakwanitsa nthawi ya zalusozo mwakujambula zojambula zomwe anthu akale amagwiritsa ntchito.
Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apakompyuta, ofufuzawo ananeneratu za momwe nyenyezi zidzalembedwere nthawi yomwe zojambulazo zidapangidwa. Izi zidawulula kuti zomwe mwina zidawonekera kale, monga zosamveka za nyama, zitha kutanthauziridwa ngati magulu am'magulu momwe zidayambira kalekale.
Asayansi adazindikira kuti zojambula zodabwitsa za m'mapanga ndi umboni wowonekeratu kuti anthu akale anali kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino yochitira nthawi potengera kuwerengera kwa zakuthambo. Zonsezi, ngakhale zojambula m'mapanga zidasiyanitsidwa munthawiyo ndi zaka masauzande ambiri.
"Chithunzi chakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, Mkango-Munthu wochokera kuphanga la Hohlenstein-Stadel, kuyambira 38,000 BC, adatinso kuti ndi chofanana ndi nthawi yakaleyi," adaulula akatswiri pamawu ochokera ku University of Edinburgh.
Chojambulachi ndichikhulupiriro chokumbukira kuwonongeka kwa asteroid komwe kudachitika zaka 11,000 zapitazo, kuyambitsa zomwe zimatchedwa Younger Dryas Event, nyengo yozizira mwadzidzidzi padziko lonse lapansi.
“Deti losemedwa mu 'Vulture Stone' la Göbekli Tepe amatanthauzidwa kuti ndi 10,950 BC, pasanathe zaka 250, ” anafotokoza asayansiwo mu phunzirolo. "Tsikuli lidalembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutengera kwa ma equinox, ndi zizindikilo za nyama zomwe zikuyimira magulu anyenyezedwe ofanana ndi magulu anayi azipilala achaka chino."
Kutsiliza
Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwakukulu uku kukuwonetsa chowonadi chakuti anthu anali ndi chidziwitso chovuta cha nthawi ndi malo zaka zikwi zambiri Agiriki akale, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi oyamba kuphunzira zakuthambo kwamakono. Osati izi zokha, pali zochitika zina zingapo, monga Chiwonetsero cha Sumerian, ndi Disney ya Nebra Sky, Phale Lakale la ku Babulo ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimatanthawuza chidziwitso chapamwamba kwambiri cha zakuthambo zamakono zomwe makolo athu akale adapeza kale.
