Mu 2009, nsalu imene amakhulupirira kuti ndiyo yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse komanso yosowa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopangidwa kuchokera ku silika yagolide ya orb-woaver inasonyezedwa ku American Museum of Natural History ku New York. Akuti “nsalu yaikulu yokhayo yopangidwa kuchokera ku silika wa kangaude yomwe ilipo padziko lapansi masiku ano.” Ndi nsalu yochititsa chidwi ndipo nkhani ya kulengedwa kwake ndi yochititsa chidwi.
Nsalu iyi inali pulojekiti yomwe inatsogoleredwa ndi Simon Peers, katswiri wa mbiri yakale wa ku Britain yemwe amagwira ntchito pa nsalu, ndi Nicholas Godley, mnzake wa bizinesi waku America. Ntchitoyi idatenga zaka zisanu kuti ithe ndipo idawononga ndalama zoposa £300,000 (pafupifupi $395820). Chotsatira cha ntchitoyi chinali 3.4-mita (11.2 ft/) ndi 1.2-mita (3.9 ft.) nsalu.
Kudzoza kwa luso la silika la kangaude
Nsalu yopangidwa ndi Peers ndi Godley ndi shawl / cape yagolide. Kudzoza kwa ukadaulo uwu kudakokedwa ndi Peers kuchokera ku nkhani yaku France yazaka za m'ma 19. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kuyesayesa kwa mmishonale wachiJesuit wa ku France dzina lake Bambo Paul Camboué kuchotsa ndi kupanga nsalu kuchokera ku silika wa kangaude. Ngakhale kuti m'mbuyomu zoyesayesa zosiyanasiyana zasintha kangaude kukhala nsalu, Bambo Camboué amawonedwa ngati munthu woyamba kuchita bwino. Komabe, ukonde wa kangaude unali utakololedwa kale kale pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Agiriki akale ankagwiritsa ntchito kangaude pofuna kuletsa mabala kuti asatuluke magazi.
Monga mmishonale ku Madagascar, Bambo Camboué anagwiritsa ntchito akangaude omwe amapezeka pachilumbachi kuti apange ukonde wa kangaude. Pamodzi ndi mnzake wamalonda dzina lake M. Nogué, makampani opanga nsalu za kangaude adakhazikitsidwa pachilumbachi ndipo chimodzi mwazinthu zawo, "miyendo yonse ya mabedi" idawonetsedwanso ku Paris Exposition ya 1898. Ntchito ya A French awiriwa atayika. Komabe, idalandira chidwi panthawiyo ndipo idalimbikitsa ntchito ya Peers ndi Godley pafupifupi zaka zana kenako.
Kugwira ndi kutulutsa silika wa kangaude
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga silika wa kangaude wa Camboué ndi Nogué ndi chipangizo chopangidwa ndi omaliza kuti atulutse silika. Makina aang’ono amenewa ankayendetsedwa ndi manja ndipo ankatha kutulutsa silika kuchokera pa akangaude 24 pa nthawi imodzi osawapweteka. Anzathu anatha kupanga chofanana ndi makinawa, ndipo ntchito ya 'kangaude' inayamba.
Koma izi zisanachitike, akangaudewo ankafunika kugwidwa. Kangaude yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Peers ndi Godley kupanga nsalu zawo amadziwika kuti Red-legged golden orb-web spider (Nephila inaurata), yomwe ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Kum'mawa ndi South-East Africa, komanso zilumba zingapo ku Western Indian. Ocean, kuphatikizapo Madagascar. Ndi zazikazi zokha za mtundu umenewu umene umatulutsa silika, umene iwo amalukira ukonde. Ukonde umawala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo akuti izi zikutanthauza kukopa nyama, kapena kubisala.
Kwa Peers ndi Godley, akangaude opitilira miliyoni miliyoni amiyendo yofiyira awa adagwidwa kuti apeze silika wokwanira wopangira shawl / cape yawo. Mwamwayi, uwu ndi mtundu wamba wa akangaude ndipo uli wochuluka pachilumbachi. Akangaudewo anabwezedwa kuthengo atatha silika. Komabe, patapita mlungu umodzi, akangaudewo amatha kupanganso silika. Akangaude amangotulutsa silika wawo nthawi yamvula, choncho amangogwidwa m'miyezi yapakati pa Okutobala ndi Juni.
Kumapeto kwa zaka zinayi, shawl / cape yagolide idapangidwa. Anayamba kuonetsedwa ku American Museum of Natural History ku New York ndiyeno ku Victoria and Albert Museum ku London. Ntchito imeneyi inatsimikizira kuti ulusi wa kangaude ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nsalu.
Kuvuta kupanga silika wa kangaude
Komabe, si chinthu chophweka kupanga zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, akangaudewa akaikidwa pamodzi, amasanduka nyama zodya anthu. Komabe, ulusi wa kangaude wapezeka kuti ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, koma ndi wopepuka komanso wosinthasintha, zomwe zimachititsa chidwi asayansi ambiri. Choncho, ofufuza akhala akuyesetsa kupeza silika umenewu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina.
Mwachitsanzo, imodzi ndiyo kulowetsa majini a akangaude m’zamoyo zina (monga mabakiteriya, ngakhale kuti ena ayesapo ng’ombe ndi mbuzi), ndiyeno n’kuthyola silika. Kuyesera koteroko kwakhala kopambana kokha. Zikuoneka kuti pakadali pano, munthu angafunikebe kugwira akangaude ambiri ngati akufuna kupanga nsalu kuchokera ku silika yake.
