Plato adasimba nkhani ya Atlantis cha m'ma 360 BC. Omwe adayambitsa Atlantis, adati, anali mulungu theka ndipo theka laumunthu. Adapanga chitukuko chapamwamba ndipo adakhala wamkulu wankhondo. Atlantic anali akatswiri aluso. Pafupifupi zaka 12,000 zapitazo adamanga nyumba zachifumu, akachisi, madoko, madoko komanso makina amadzi ovuta kwambiri.
Alimi amalima chakudya m'munda wawung'ono komanso kumbuyo kwa munda, komwe mapiri amakumana ndi thambo ndipamene nyumba za Atlante zimakhala. Plato adalongosola akasupe akulu amnyumba ndi madzi otentha ndi ozizira, makoma okutidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zifanizo zopangidwa ndi golide. Masiku ano, Atlantis nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mbiri yabodza kapena nthano, koma kodi ndi zoona?
Chiyambi Cha Nkhani Ya Atlantis
Mu ntchito ziwiri zazikulu za Plato, Timaeus ndi Critias, Plato akufotokoza za chitukuko cha Atene pazokambirana pakati Milandu, Socrates, Timayo ndi Ma Hermocrates. Critias a Plato akufotokoza nkhani yokhudza ufumu wamphamvu pachilumba cha Atlantis komanso kuyesa kwake kugonjetsa Atene, zomwe zidalephera chifukwa cha gulu lolamulidwa la Atene.
Critias ndiye gawo lachiwiri la zokambirana zitatu, zomwe Timaeus adatsata ndikutsatiridwa ndi a Hermocrates. Zotsatirazi mwina sizinalembedwe ndipo Critias (Dialogue) adatsala osakwanira.
Munthu yemwe akuti ndiye woyamba kubweretsa nkhani ya Atlantis kuchokera ku Egypt kupita ku Greece anali Solon, wopanga malamulo wotchuka yemwe amakhala ku Greece pakati pa 630 ndi 560 BC. Malinga ndi a Plato, a Solon adafotokozera nkhaniyi agogo aamuna a Critias omwe amapezeka mgululi, a Dropides, omwe adauza mwana wawo wamwamuna, yemwe amatchedwanso Critias komanso agogo a Critias pazokambirana. Akuluakulu a Critias kenako anafotokozera mdzukulu wawo nkhaniyi ali ndi zaka 90 ndipo a Critias aang'ono anali 10.
Mzinda Wotayika Wa Atlantis
Malinga ndi Critias, Atlantis unali mzinda waukulu waku Atene, womwe, ndi dzanja la anthu, udakumana ndi chiwonongeko choopsa pafupifupi 9,600 BC, Plato asanafike zaka 9,000. Mwa maphunziro a agogo ake, a Critias adanenanso nkhani ya Chitukuko cha Atene.
Critias adati agogo ake aamuna a Solon anali mlendo wachigiriki komanso wolemba mbiri yakale waku Egypt, yemwe amakhala ndikulumikizana ndi ansembe akulu aku Egypt. Zolemba zaku Solon zidaperekedwa kwa Plato ndi Critias. Chifukwa choti zomwe Plato adalemba zimawerengedwa ngati mbiri yakale, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Atlantis adakhalakodi.
Malinga ndi Critias, nthawi zakale, Dziko lapansi lidagawika pakati pa milungu ndi gawo. Milungu imawachitira anthuwo m'maboma awo monganso momwe abusa amasamalirira nkhosa, kuweta ndikuwatsogolera ngati ziweto ndi katundu. Sanachite izi mokakamiza, koma mokopa. M'masiku amenewo, madera omwe tsopano ndi zisumbu za Greece anali mapiri ataliatali okutidwa ndi nthaka yabwino.
Kenako tsiku lina, chigumula chapadziko lonse cha Kutsogolera anabwera nadzakantha dziko lapansi. Chigumula munthawi ya Deucalion chidayambitsidwa ndi mkwiyo wa Zeus, woyatsidwa ndi chipwirikiti cha a Pelasgi. Chifukwa chake Zeus adaganiza zothetsa zaka zamkuwa. Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, Lycaon, mfumu ya Arcadia, adapereka mwana wamwamuna kwa Zeus, yemwe adakhumudwitsidwa ndi nsembe yankhondoyi.
Zeus adatulutsa chigumula, kotero kuti mitsinje idathamanga ndipo nyanja idasefukira m'chigwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, idadzaza mapiri ndi kutsuka, ndikutsuka chilichonse. Ndipo chifukwa panalibe dothi lotsukidwa kuchokera kumapiri kuti lilowe m'malo mwa nthaka yomwe yatayika, nthaka ya kumeneko idalandidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti dera lalikulu lizimira, ndipo zilumba zomwe zidatsalira kukhala "mafupa a mtembo. ”
Atene, m'masiku amenewo, anali osiyana kwambiri. Dzikolo linali lolemera ndipo madzi anali kubweretsedwa kuchokera ku akasupe apansi panthaka, omwe pambuyo pake anawonongedwa ndi chivomerezi. Amalongosola chitukuko cha Atene panthawiyo kukhala choyenera: kutsatira zabwino zonse, kukhala ndi malire, komanso kuchita bwino pantchito yawo.
Kenako apitiliza kufotokoza komwe Atlantis adachokera. Anati Atlantis adapatsidwa kwa Poseidon. Poseidon adakondana ndi mtsikana wina wotchedwa Cleito - mwana wamkazi wa Evenor ndi Leucippe - ndipo adamuberekera ana angapo, woyamba adatchedwa Atlas, yemwe adalandira ufumuwo ndikuupereka kwa mwana wake woyamba kwa mibadwo yambiri.
Critias kenako imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane chilumba cha Atlantis ndi Kachisi kwa Poseidon ndi Cleito pachilumbachi, ndipo amatanthauza chinsalu chachitsulo orichalcum. Chitsulo chachikaso chamtengo wapatali chodziwika ndi Agiriki Akale ndi Aroma. Chitsulo chanthano chimanenedwa kuti ndi chamtengo wapatali kuposa golide.
Nchiyani Chidapangitsa Atlantis Kukhala Chosangalatsa Kudzera mwa Anthu?
Malinga ndi zomwe mbiri yakale ya Plato idalemba, Atlantis anali gulu lankhondo lokonzekera mwanzeru, lomwe kumapeto kwa ufumu wake, lidakumana ndi masoka achilengedwe ambiri pokonzekera kuukira Egypt.
Zachikhalidwe, mtundu waku Atene anali ophunzira kwambiri ndipo amatha kupanga zitsamba kuchokera kuzomera. Maluso awo othirira anali otukuka kwambiri, popeza adamanga ngalande zingapo zothirira zigwa zawo ndi minda yawo. Chifukwa cha luntha lawo lapamwamba, malo osungira nyumba ndi nyumba ngati Metropolis adapangidwa, makina opangira ma hydraulic ndi milatho idamangidwa, zidutswa zolembedwa ndi malamulo zidalembedwa; ndipo nthawi zambiri, zinthu zawo zimakutidwa ndi mkuwa, mkuwa kapena golide.
Kutengera ndi monarchy komanso systemised class, chitukuko cha Atlantis chimakhalanso ndi udindo wofunikira kwa amayi. M'mbiri yakale amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu pamitundu yonse, Atlantis adalamulira madera ozungulira ndi malamulo awo.
Kupatula kukhala chitukuko chotukuka, Atlantis anali kontinenti yayikulu kwambiri, malinga ndi Plato. Mwa kuyesa kwa Critias, Atlantis ikadakhala yayikulu pafupifupi 7,820,000 ma kilomita kukula - iyi ndi yayikulupo kuposa ena, mabeseni akulu anyanja. Zolemba za Critias zomwe ansembe aku Egypt adauza kuti Atlantis ali kupitirira Mzati wa Hercules - Khwalala la Gibraltar. Apa ndipomwe Nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean zimathandizana.
Masiku ano, umboni wina waperekedwa womwe umatanthawuza makoma ndi misewu yam'madzi, ndi zilumba zingapo zomwe zikufanana ndi Atlantis mu Nyanja ya Caribbean. Lingaliro linanso lingakhale loti Atlantis atha kupuma pa Mid-Atlantic Ridge, yomwe ikhoza kukhala pansi pa phiri. Pomwe ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti Atlantis atha kukhala ku Azores, Crete kapena Canary Islands.
Tsoka ilo, malinga ndi ansembe aku Egypt, Atlantis nthawi zonse anali kugundidwa ndi zivomezi zowopsa ndi kusefukira kwamadzi mpaka tsiku lina pamene kontinenti yonse idamira pansi panyanja ndikusowa. Iwo adatinso kuti komwe Atlantis adasowa, idakhala dera lam'nyanja lomwe linali losadutsa komanso losadziwika. Lingaliro lakumira kwa Atlantis linali loti anthu anali atachita ziphuphu kwambiri, kotero kuti ndi manja awo, adadziwonongeratu.
Kutsiliza
Mapeto ake, Atlantis amatikumbutsa nkhani za m'Baibulo za Sodomu ndi Nowa. Imagwirizananso ndikusintha kwadziko lonse lapansi m'mbiri yonse ya dziko lapansi, koma kodi Atlantis akanakhalapodi? Umboni, kaya ndi nkhani zongoyerekeza kapena zongopeka, chowonadi chimatsalira kuti Plato amangolemba zowona zakale. Izi zikunenedwa, ndi uthenga wanji womwe Plato anali kuyesera kupereka mtsogolo mwa anthu?
Kuti timalize nkhaniyi, ndikukumbukira mawu ochokera ku Critias, ochokera m'mabuku a Plato, “Pakhala, ndipo zidzakhalanso, ziwonongeko zambiri za anthu zotuluka pazifukwa zambiri; akuluakulu athandizidwa ndi mabungwe ozimitsa moto ndi madzi, ndi enanso ang'onoang'ono ndi zifukwa zina zambirimbiri. ”
