Asayansi aku Scandinavia asintha dzina la Rök Runestone wodziwika komanso wodziwika bwino. Ili ndi ma rune pafupifupi 700 omwe akuchitira chithunzi a kusintha kwa nyengozomwe zingabweretse nyengo yozizira komanso kutha kwa nthawi.
Mu nthano zaku Norse, kubwera kwa Fimbulwintr kulengeza kutha kwa dziko lapansi. Izi ndi zomwe ma runes amatanthauza pa Rök Runestone yovuta, yomwe idamangidwa mu granite wokongola m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Vättern kumwera chapakati pa Sweden. Mwalawo, womwe uli wamtali mamita 700 ndi wina kupitirira apo, ndiwodziwika pokhala ndi cholembedwa chotalika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chokhala ndi zikwangwani zoposa XNUMX zomwe zimakhudza mbali zake zisanu kupatula maziko omwe amayenera kuyikidwa pansi.
Nkhaniyi imadziwika kuti ndi yokongola kwambiri kuposa miyala yothamanga m'maiko aku Scandinavia chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwake. Sophus Bugge, wa ku Norway, ndiye anatembenuza Baibulo loyamba mu 1878, koma malongosoledwe ake akhala akumayambitsa mikangano mpaka pano.
Per Holmberg, pulofesa waku Sweden ku University of Gothenburg, adatsogolera kafukufuku yemwe adafalitsidwa munyuzipepala ya 'Futhark: International Journal of Runic Study.' Rök Runestone, mwa lingaliro lake, idamangidwa ndi Vikings kuwopa kubweranso kwanyengo. A Vikings anali odzipereka kwambiri kwa milungu yawo ndipo amakhulupirira kwambiri zamatsenga, matsenga, ndi kunenera.
"A Vikings adapanga mwala wa Rök kuchenjeza mibadwo yamtsogolo za tsoka lomwe likubwera."
Mpaka posachedwa, anthu amaganiza kuti runestone ndimtundu wamiyala yoperekedwa kwa mwana wamwamuna wakufa, monga akunenera “Za Theodoric” zochita zamphamvu. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, Theodoric uyu si winanso koma wolamulira wa Ostrogoth wazaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, Theodoric the Great. Komabe, ili ndi gawo limodzi lokha lolembedwa mu Old Icelandic.
Tanthauzo lenileni la mawuwa ndilovuta kudziwa chifukwa zigawo zikusowa ndipo zimaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yolemba, kuwunikira kufunikira kwa kafukufukuyu, yemwe amaphunzitsidwa ndi ophunzira ochokera m'mabungwe atatu aku Sweden. Tsopano akukhulupirira kuti zodabwitsazo zikungonena za nthawi yoyandikira kuzizira, chifukwa munthu yemwe adakweza mwalawo adayesa kuyika imfa ya mwana wake pamutu.
"Njira zambiri zophunzitsira zinali njira yodziwitsa olembetsa. "Zikanakhala zovuta kumasulira zovuta za Rök runestone popanda maubwenziwa kuphatikiza kuphatikiza zolemba, zofukula zakale, mbiri yachipembedzo, ndi kuthamanga," akuti Per Holmberg poyankha "Europa Press". Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, "zolembedwazo zikusonyeza chisoni chomwe mwana wamwalira mwana komanso mantha akuwonongedwa kwa nyengo yofananako ndi tsoka lomwe lidachitika pambuyo pa 536 AD."
Zikuwoneka kuti, nyengo yanyengo ya Rök isanachitike, zochitika zanyengo zingapo zidachitika zomwe anthu akumudzi adazitanthauzira ngati zowopsa: mkuntho wamphamvu wa dzuwa udawomba thambo ndi mithunzi yofiira, zokolola zidavutika ndi dzinja lozizira kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake, Dzuwa linakwera litangotuluka. Malinga ndi a Bo Gräslund, pulofesa wamabwinja ku Yunivesite ya Uppsala, malo amodzi okha mwa awa omwe akadakhala okwanira kupangitsa Fimbulwintr kukhala wamantha.
M'nyengo yozizira nyengo yachisanu, malinga ndi nthano yaku Norse, idakhala zaka zitatu osapuma ndipo idachitika pomwe Ragnarok (kutha kwa dziko) asanachitike. Linapanga mvula yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho, kutentha kozizira, ndi ayezi. Pomwe ndakatulo Edda, yolembedwa m'zaka za zana la 13, ikuchitira umboni, anthu anafa ndi njala ndipo anataya chiyembekezo ndi kukoma mtima pamene amalimbana ndi miyoyo yawo.
