Chigaza 5: Chigaza cha munthu wazaka 1.85 miliyoni chinakakamiza asayansi kuti aganizirenso za kusinthika koyambirira kwa anthu.
Mu 2005, asayansi adapeza chigaza chathunthu cha kholo lakale lakale ku Dmanisi, tawuni yaying'ono kumwera kwa Georgia, Europe. Chigaza ndi chakutha hominini omwe adakhala zaka 1.85 miliyoni zapitazo!
Amadziwika ngati Chibade 5 kapena D4500, choyimira m'mabwinja ndi chokhazikika ndipo chili ndi nkhope yayitali, mano akulu ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono kaubongo. Imeneyi inali imodzi mwa zigaza zisanu zakale za hominin zomwe zidapezeka ku Dmanisi, ndipo zakakamiza asayansi kuti aganizirenso nkhani yakusintha kwaumunthu koyambirira.
Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, "Kupeza kumeneku kumapereka umboni woyamba kuti Homo woyambirira anali ndi anthu achikulire omwe anali ndi ubongo wochepa koma thupi, msinkhu ndi miyendo yolowera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kusiyana kwamakono."
Dmanisi ndi tawuni komanso malo ofukula zakale m'chigawo cha Kvemo Kartli ku Georgia pafupifupi 93 km kumwera chakumadzulo kwa likulu la dzikolo Tbilisi m'chigwa cha Mashavera. Tsamba la hominin lidalembedwa zaka 1.8 miliyoni zapitazo.
Zigaza zingapo zomwe zinali ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zidapezeka ku Dmanisi koyambirira kwa ma 2010, zidapangitsa kuti pakhale lingaliro loti mitundu yambiri yamagulu amtundu wa Homo inali mzere umodzi wokha. Ndipo Chibade 5, kapena chodziwika kuti "D4500" ndiye chigaza chachisanu chomwe chimapezeka ku Dmanisi.
Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1980, asayansi anali kuganiza kuti maina opititsa patsogolo mavitamini amangopezeka ku Africa konse Pleistocene Oyambirira (mpaka pafupifupi zaka 0.8 miliyoni zapitazo), amangosamukira munthawi yomwe yatchulidwa Kuchokera ku Africa I. Chifukwa chake, zoyesayesa zambiri zakale zokumbidwa pansi zidayang'ana kwambiri ku Africa.
Koma malo ofukula mabwinja a Dmanisi ndiye malo oyamba kwambiri a hominin ochokera ku Africa ndipo kuwunika kwake kunawonetsa kuti zipembedzo zina, makamaka Homo erectus georgicus anali atachoka ku Africa kale zaka 1.85 miliyoni zapitazo. Zigaza 5 zonse zimakhala za msinkhu wofanana.
Ngakhale, asayansi ambiri akuti Chibade 5 ndichosiyanasiyana Homo erectus, makolo amunthu omwe amapezeka ku Africa kuyambira nthawi yomweyo. Pomwe ena amati ndi Australopithecus sediba omwe amakhala komwe tsopano ndi South Africa pafupifupi zaka 1.9 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo komwe Homo, kuphatikiza anthu amakono, akuwerengedwa kuti adachokera.
Pali zotheka zatsopano zomwe asayansi ambiri adatchulapo, koma chomvetsa chisoni ndikuti tidasowabe nkhope yathuyakale.
