Chiyambireni chitukuko, anthu awona zochitika zosazolowereka komanso zosamveka zomwe amakhulupirira kuti zabwera kuchokera kudziko lina, ndikudzitamandira ndi anthu anzeru. Kuchokera ku zaluso zakale zaphanga mpaka lero za sayansi, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zifukwa zenizeni ndi magwero ake sizikudziwika, ndipo mutu wovuta kwambiri wa iwo ndi "Zizindikiro zachilendo zochokera kumtunda wakuya" chimenecho, malinga ndi kunena kwa anthu ambiri, chikhoza kukhala umboni weniweni wa moyo wapamwamba wakuthambo.
Malingaliro A Fizikiki Philip Morrison Ndi Giuseppe Cocconi:
Akatswiri a sayansi ya sayansi ya Cornell Philip Morrison ndi Giuseppe Cocconi anali atanena mu pepala lofufuza la 1959 kuti aliyense kunja kwa dziko Chitukuko choyesera kulumikizana kudzera pamawailesi atha kuchita izi pogwiritsa ntchito ma megahertz 1420 (21 sentimita), omwe amaperekedwa ndi chinthu chodziwika kwambiri ku Universal, Hydrogen; ndipo ziyenera kudziwika kwa anthu onse otsogola kapena anzeru.
Zizindikiro Zachilendo Zachokera ku Arecibo:
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake mu 1968, panali malipoti angapo amawu osadziwika kuchokera mlengalenga omwe adatengedwa kuchokera ku telescope ya wailesi ya Arecibo ku Puerto Rico. Pakhoza kupezeka zolemba zingapo kuchokera ku 1968 pomwe zizindikilo zachilendozi zidatchulidwa ngati umboni wina woti kulibe zakuthambo zakuthambo. Nthawi imeneyo, a Dr. Frank Donald Drake omwe amadziwika kuti ndi equation equation (Drake Equation) kuthekera kwakukhala ndi moyo wakuthambo, adachita chidwi ndi zochitika zachilendozi.
Khutu Lalikulu:
Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake mu 1973, atamaliza kafukufuku wambiri pazowulutsa zakuthambo, Ohio State University idapereka tsopano-zikatha Ohio State University Radio Observatory kapena aka “Khutu Lalikulu” (yomwe inali pafupi ndi Perkins Observatory ku Delaware, Ohio, United States) mpaka kusaka kwasayansi kwanzeru zakuthambo (SETI). Inali pulogalamu yayitali kwambiri yamtunduwu m'mbiri yonse.
Uthenga wa Arecibo:
Chaka chamawa, Drake adaganiza zopita patsogolo ndikupanga uthenga modabwitsa mothandizidwa ndi Carl Sagan, yomwe imadziwika kuti "Uthenga wa Arecibo", uthenga wa pawayilesi womwe umanyamula zidziwitso zaumunthu ndi Dziko lapansi zomwe zatumizidwa ku gulu limodzi la nyenyezi zapadziko lonse lapansi M13 mlalang'amba pokhulupirira kuti nzeru zakuthambo zitha kuzilandira ndikumvetsetsa.
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| Mbali zosiyana za uthengawo zikuwonetsedwa ndi mitundu. Kutumiza kwenikweni kwamabinawo sikunatengeko mtundu wa utoto. |
“Uthenga wa ku Arecibo” tichipeza magawo asanu ndi awiri amene encode izi (kuchokera pamwamba pansi):
- Nambala imodzi (1) mpaka khumi (10) (yoyera)
- Manambala a atomiki, hydrogen kaboni, nayitrogeni, oxygen, ndi phosphorous, omwe amapanga deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (wofiirira)
- Njira yopangira shuga ndi maziko mu ma nucleotide a DNA (obiriwira)
- Chiwerengero cha ma nucleotide mu DNA, ndi chithunzi cha kapangidwe kake ka DNA (yoyera ndi buluu)
- Chithunzi chofanizira cha munthu, kukula kwake (kutalika kwakuthupi) kwa munthu wamba, ndi anthu padziko lapansi (ofiira, abuluu / oyera, ndi oyera motsatana)
- Chithunzi cha Dzuwa lomwe likuwonetsa kuti ndi mapulaneti ati omwe uthenga ukuchokera (wachikaso)
- Chithunzi cha telescope ya wailesi ya Arecibo ndi kukula kwake (m'mimba mwake) cha mbale yopatsira tinyanga (yofiirira, yoyera, ndi buluu)
Pa Novembala 16, 1974, pamwambo wapadera wosonyeza kukonzanso kwa telescope ya wailesi ku Arecibo ku Puerto Rico, uthengawu udafalikira mlengalenga nthawi imodzi kudzera pamawayilesi.
Chizindikiro cha Wow:
Pa Ogasiti 15, 1977, The Big Ear telescope yaku Ohio State University idalandira chiphaso cholimba chawayilesi chomwe pambuyo pake chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kufunafuna nzeru zakuthambo. Chizindikirocho chikuwoneka kuti chimachokera ku gulu la nyenyezi Sagittarius ndipo chinali ndi zizindikiritso zoyembekezeredwa zakomwe kumachokera zakuthambo. Wailesi idangotenga masekondi 72 okha ndipo sinamvekenso.
Katswiri wa zakuthambo komanso wofufuza wa SETI, a Jerry R. Ehman, adazindikira izi patatha masiku angapo akuwunika zomwe zidalembedwa kale. Anadabwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake kotero kuti anazungulira kuwerenga (6 EQUJ5) pa kusindikiza pamakompyuta ndipo adalemba ndemanga Zopatsa chidwi! mbali yake, zomwe zimatsogolera ku dzina lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamwambowu. Mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya Wow! Kuchuluka kwa ma siginolo kwaperekedwa: 1420.36 MHz ndi JD Kraus ndi 1420.46 MHz a Jerry R. Ehman, onsewa ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mtengo wa 1420.41 MHz wa mzere wa hydrogen, monga ananeneratu ndi Morrison ndi Cocconi.
Wow! chizindikirochi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zakuthambo zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zimapereka uthenga wolumikizana kuchokera ku Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Pomwe gulu la ofufuza omwe ali ndi Center of Planetary Science (CPS) atsimikiza molunjika mu chatsopano chawo Pepala lofufuzira la 2017 kuti chizindikiro chachinsinsi ichi chidapangidwa ndi comet.
Zochitika Zazikulu Zazikulu:
Zaka 27 pambuyo pake potumiza "The Arecibo Message," mu 2001, zochitika zodabwitsazo zidapeza chidwi choyenera pomwe njira yoyankhira kufalitsa kwa 1974 idawonekera pafupi ndi telescope yayikulu kwambiri ku Britain, Chilbolton, ndi malo owonera , kunyumba yanyengo yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yanyengo. Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri zomwe zidayamba kuwonekera, ngakhale mutakhulupirira kuti zidachitidwa ndi anthu kapena luntha lakuthambo.
Pamwambapa pali chithunzi cha zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zikuyankha uthenga womwe udatumizidwa ku 1974 ndi NASA (mutha kuwonanso chithunzi choyambirira cha positiyi kuti muwone bwino). Uthengawu umalongosola dongosolo lina la dzuwa, chithunzi cha wotumizayo monga pa uthenga wapachiyambi wa NASA wa Arecibo, DNA yopanda munthu, ndi tinyanga ta microwave mmalo mwa tinyanga ta mawailesi omwe akuwonetsedwa mwathu.
Nkhope yomwe mumawona pamenepo idawonekera masiku atatu chithunzichi chisanachitike. Nkhopeyo idayimira njira yatsopano yopangira mabwalo azomera, njira yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusindikiza nkhope papepala. Ngakhale asayansi ambiri akukhulupirira kuti zidalembedwa ngati zabodza, monganso momwe mbewu zambiri zili mkati.
Osati anthu ambiri omwe akudziwa kuti mbewu zimachitika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo kwazaka zambiri panali malipoti masauzande ambiri okhudzana ndi zochitika zosadziwika bwino za bwalo la zokolola. Zina mwazipangidwe zawo ndizovuta komanso zomveka bwino kotero kuti zadabwitsa owonera, ofufuza, komanso asayansi mofananamo.
Osati zokhazo, komanso zojambula zambiri zimapangidwanso pamagetsi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapesi a mapesi ena obzalidwa mbali imodzi. Zina mwazonso zimadzaza ndi maginito achilendo achilendo. Zotsatirazi zidanenedwa ndikutentha kwamayendedwe a microwave, komwe kumapangitsa kuti madzi omwe ali mkati mwa mbewuzo akhale ndi nthunzi ndikuwonongeka, ndikupangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale mbali imodzi.
Izi zapangitsa akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zakuthambo kuti afufuze zambiri pazochitikazi, pomaliza kunena kuti omwe adachita izi (omwe sanagwidwepo akupanga bwalo lazomera, kulikonse) akugwiritsa ntchito zida za GPS, lasers, ndi ma microwaves kuti apange ma geometric odabwitsa awa mawonekedwe.
Zizindikiro Zachilendo Zaku Fast Radio Burst:
Kuyambira 2007, ofufuza akhala akuwona modabwitsa china chodabwitsa kapena mawu otchedwa Fast Radio Kuphulika (Mtengo wa FRB) yomwe imachokera kunja kwa mlalang'amba wathu mobwerezabwereza. Fast Radio Bursts amatchulidwa ndi tsiku lomwe chizindikirocho chidalembedwa, ngati "FRB YYMMDD". Wailesi yoyamba yachangu idafotokozedwa, a Lorimer Burst Mtengo wa 010724, idadziwika mu 2007 mu zomwe zidasungidwa ndi Parkes Observatory pa 24 Julayi 2001.
Pali zambiri kuposa Malipoti 150 aku Fast Radio Bursts Mpaka pano koma akatswiri sanayandikire kuti adziwe chomwe chiri - kapena komwe chimachokera. Kunena mwachidule, kupezeka kwa ma siginidwe ndikofanana ndikumva kulira kwakukulu kenako kutembenuka osapeza kalikonse. Stargazers amasiyidwa opanda chitsogozo chilichonse ndipo sakudziwa komwe mawuwo adachokera.
Malingaliro Akutsalira Kwa Fast Radio Burst (FRB):
Pali malingaliro akuti kuphulika kumachokera ku nyenyezi zazikuluzikulu zotulutsa ma radiation zazikulu, zotchedwa Mapulogalamu onse pa intaneti, kapena amatha kutuluka m'mabowo akuda kapena nyenyezi zosinthasintha zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi. Pomwe, ofufuza a Harvard ati ma FRB awa amayamba chifukwa chakuyenda mlengalenga kapena ukadaulo wapamwamba wakunja. Koma pali chiyembekezo kuti atha kukhala moyo wachilendo kuyesera kulumikizana.
Chizindikiro Chachilendo Chochokera ku Ross 128:
Pa Meyi 12, 2017, ofufuza ku Arecibo Observatory adawona zikwangwani zosamveka zochokera Ross 128, nyenyezi yofiira yofiira yomwe ili pafupi zaka 11 zowala kutali ndi Dziko lapansi. Nyenyeziyi imakhala yocheperapo pafupifupi 2,800 kuposa dzuwa ndipo sinadziwikebe kuti ili ndi mapulaneti aliwonse, ndipo ndi nyenyezi ya 15 yoyandikira kwambiri ku Dzuwa.
Malinga ndi malipoti, nyenyeziyo idawonedwa kwa mphindi khumi, panthawi yomwe wailesi yayikuluyo inali "pafupifupi kwakanthawi" ndipo imachepa pafupipafupi. Palibe zizindikiritso zoterezi zomwe zidapezedwa mu kafukufuku wina wotsatiridwa ndi Arecibo, pomwe ena anena kuti zizindikirazo zidapangidwa kuchokera pakusokonezedwa kwamawayilesi kuchokera pa satellite yoyeserera yomwe ikuzungulira Dziko lapansi, ndipo mkanganowu ukupitilizabe.
Chizindikiro Chachilendo Chomwe Chimabwereza Masiku Onse 16.35:
Gulu la ofufuza aku Canada posachedwapa lazindikira kulira kwachinsinsi kochokera mumlalang'amba womwe uli pamtunda wa zaka 500 miliyoni womwe umabwereza pafupipafupi masiku 16.35. Ndipo palibe amene akudziwa motsimikiza chomwe chikuwapangitsa.
Kutsiliza:
Muzochitika zachilendo zotere, munthawi yodabwitsa, kutenga chilichonse kuchokera momwe timaonera ndi chikhalidwe chathu chobadwira. Mwanjira iyi, timayesetsa kutsimikizira ena ndipo nthawi zina tokha. Kotero, mukuganiza bwanji za chizindikiro chachilendo chachilendo ichi zochitika?? Khalani omasuka kugawana malingaliro anu amtengo wapatali mubokosi la ndemanga pansipa.
