Hisashi Ouchi, katswiri wa labotale yemwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyukiliya ya nyukiliya mdziko muno pa ngozi ya fakitale ya nyukiliya ku Japan. Imawerengedwa kuti ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri ya nyukiliya m'mbiri yathu yachipatala, pomwe Hisashi adasungidwa wamoyo kwa masiku 83 mwanjira ina yoyesera. Pali mafunso angapo okhudza makhalidwe okhudzana ndi chithandizo chake, ndipo lofunika kwambiri ndi lakuti: “N’chifukwa chiyani Hisashi Ouchi anakhalabe wamoyo kwa masiku 83 mosagwirizana ndi chifuniro chake pa zowawa ndi kuzunzika kosapiririka?”
Zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi yachiwiri ya nyukiliya ya Tokaimura
Ngozi Yachiwiri ya Nyukiliya ya Tokaimura imapereka ngozi ya zida za nyukiliya yomwe idachitika pa Seputembara 30, 1999, cha m'ma 10: 35 m'mawa, zomwe zidapangitsa kufa kwa nyukiliya kawiri. Imodzi mwangozi zapadziko lonse lapansi zanyukiliya zomwe zidachitika m'malo opangira mafuta a uranium. Chomeracho chidayendetsedwa ndi Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Co (JCO) yomwe ili m'mudzi wa Tokai m'boma la Naka, ku Japan.
Ogwira ntchito labu atatu, Hisashi Ouchi, wazaka 35, Yutaka Yokokawa, wazaka 54, ndi Masato Shinohara, wazaka 39, anali akugwira ntchito labu posintha tsiku lomwelo. Hisashi ndi Masato anali limodzi akukonzekera gulu loyezeka la mafuta a nyukiliya powonjezera yankho la uranium m'mathanki amvula. Chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso, molakwika adawonjezera uranium yochulukirapo (pafupifupi 16kg) pa imodzi mwa akasinja omwe adafika pachimake. Pambuyo pake, mwadzidzidzi, mphamvu yonyamula zida zanyukiliya yodziyimira payokha idayamba ndikuwala kwakukulu kwa buluu ndipo ngozi yowopsa idachitika.
Tsogolo la Hisashi Ouchi
Tsoka ilo, Hisashi Ouchi ndiye anali woyandikira kwambiri kuphulikako yemwe anavulala kwambiri. Adalandira ma sieverts 17 (Sv) a radiation pomwe 50 mSv (1 Sv = 1000 mSv) amawonedwa ngati mlingo wovomerezeka wapachaka wama radiation ndipo 8 sieverts amawonedwa ngati mlingo wakufa. Pomwe, Masato ndi Yutuka adalandiranso ma sieverts 10 ndi ma sievers atatu motsatana. Onse adagonekedwa kuchipatala cha Mito.
Hisashi adatenthedwa kwambiri ndi 100%, ndipo ziwalo zake zamkati zambiri zidawonongeka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono. Chodabwitsanso kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera amthupi mwake chinali pafupi kufika pa zero, kuwononga chitetezo chake chonse chamthupi, ndipo cheza chakupha chiwononganso DNA yake.
Poizoniyo adalowa m'matenda am'magazi ake. Ma chromosomes ndi pulani ya thupi la munthu yomwe ili ndi zidziwitso zonse za majini. Ma chromosomes aliwonse ali ndi nambala ndipo amatha kupangidwa mwadongosolo.
Komabe, zinali zosatheka kukonza ma chromosomes owala a Hisashi. Anaphwanyidwa ndipo ena mwa iwo anali atakanikizana. Kuwonongeka kwa ma chromosomes kumatanthauza kuti maselo atsopano sadzatulukanso pambuyo pake.
Kuwonongeka kwa ma radiation kunawonekeranso pamtunda wa thupi la Hisashi. Poyamba, madotolo amagwiritsa ntchito matepi opangira opaleshoni monga mwa nthawi zonse mthupi lake. Komabe, zidakulirakulira kuti khungu lake lidang'ambika limodzi ndi tepi yomwe idachotsedwa. Pambuyo pake, sanathenso kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya opaleshoni.
Maselo apakhungu athanzi amagawika mwachangu ndipo maselo atsopano amalowa m'malo mwa akale. Komabe, pakhungu lowala la Hisashi, maselo atsopano sanapangidwenso. Khungu lake lakale linali kuguluka. Zinali zopweteka kwambiri pakhungu lake komanso nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, anali ndi vuto losunga madzi m'mapapu mwake ndipo adayamba kuvutika kupuma.
Kodi ma radiation a nyukiliya amachita chiyani m'thupi la munthu?
Malinga ndi National Institute of Health (National Library of Medicine):
Mkati mwa phata la selo lililonse la thupi lathu, muli matupi ang'onoang'ono otchedwa chromosomes omwe ali ndi udindo pa ntchito ndi kubereka kwa selo lirilonse la thupi lathu. Ma chromosome amapangidwa ndi mamolekyu awiri akuluakulu kapena timizere ta deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Ma radiation a nyukiliya amakhudza ma atomu m'matupi athu pochotsa ma elekitironi. Izi zimaphwanya ma atomu a mu DNA, kuwawononga. Ngati DNA ya mu chromosome yawonongeka, malangizo amene amayang’anira ntchito ya selo ndi kubereka kwake amawonongekanso ndipo maselo sangafanane ndi kufa. Zomwe zimatha kubwereza, kupanga maselo osinthika kapena owonongeka omwe amapanga khansa.
Zambiri zomwe timadziwa zowopsa za khansa kuchokera ku radiation zimatengera maphunziro a omwe adapulumuka mabomba a atomiki ku Nagasaki ndi Hiroshima. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha khansa zotsatirazi (kuchokera kumtunda kupita ku chiwopsezo chochepa):
- Mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'magazi (ngakhale si matenda a lymphocytic leukemia)
- Myeloma zambiri
- Khansara ya chithokomiro
- Khansara ya chikhodzodzo
- Khansara ya m'mimba
- Matenda a khansa
- Khansara ya ovarian
- Khansara ya m'matumbo (koma osati khansa yapakhungu)
- Khansa ya Esophageal
- Kansa ya m'mimba
- Khansa ya chiwindi
- Lymphoma
- Khansara yapakhungu (kupatula melanoma)
Kuwonetsedwa kwa radiation yayikulu kudalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa, koma ngakhale kuchepa kwa ma radiation kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha kudwala ndi kufa ndi khansa. Panalibe njira yodziwikiratu yodziwiratu ma radiation otetezeka.
Zotsatira za ngozi ya nyukiliya ya Tokaimura
Pafupifupi anthu 161 ochokera m'mabanja 39 omwe ali pamtunda wa mita 350 kuchokera mnyumbayi adasamutsidwa. Anthu okhala mkati mwa 10 km adapemphedwa kuti azikhala m'nyumba monga njira yodzitetezera.
Komabe, kuyankha kwa unyolo wa nyukiliya kunayambiranso pomwe yankho lidakhazikika ndipo ma void adasowa. Kutacha m'mawa, ogwira ntchitowo adayimitsiratu madziwo pomwetsa madzi kuchokera mu jekete lozizira lomwe linali mozungulira thankiyo. Madziwo anali ngati chowunikira cha neutron. Yankho la boric acid (boron lomwe limasankhidwa kuti likhale ndi mayikidwe a neutron) kenaka lidawonjezeredwa mu thankiyo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zomwe zidalembedwazo sizinasinthe.
Anthuwo adaloledwa kubwerera kwawo patadutsa masiku awiri ndi matumba amchenga ndi zotchinga zina kuti ateteze ku radiation ya gamma yotsalira, ndipo zoletsa zina zonse zidachotsedwa mosamala.
Kuyesa komaliza kwa magulu azachipatala apamwamba kuti Hisashi Ouchi akhale wamoyo
Matenda amkati komanso matupi opanda khungu omwe anali opanda khungu anali kumupha mwachangu Hisashi kuchokera mkati ndi kunja nthawi yomweyo.
Ngakhale kuti anamuika pakhungu kangapo, Hisashi anapitirizabe kutaya madzi a m’thupi kudzera m’mabowo a zipsera zapakhungu zimene zinachititsa kuti magazi ake asamayende bwino. Panthawi ina, Hisashi anali kutuluka magazi m'maso ndipo mkazi wake ananena kuti zikuwoneka ngati anali kulira magazi!
Matenda a Hisashi atakulirakulira, National Institute of Radiological Science ku Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, adamusamutsira kuchipatala cha University of Tokyo, komwe akuti adalandira Kuikidwa koyamba padziko lonse lapansi kwamaselo otumphukira kotero kuti maselo oyera amagazi atha kuyamba kupanganso m'thupi lake.
Kuika magazi m'malire am'magazi (Mtengo PBSCT), yotchedwanso "Peripheral stem cell support", ndi njira yosinthira maselo opangira magazi omwe awonongedwa ndi radiation, mwachitsanzo, ndi chithandizo cha khansa. Wodwalayo amalandila maselo am'magazi kudzera mu catheter yoyikidwa mumtsuko wamagazi womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala pachifuwa.
Boma la Japan lidayika patsogolo kwambiri mlandu wovuta wa Hisashi Ouchi, chifukwa chake, gulu la akatswiri azachipatala adasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Japan ndi kumayiko ena kuti athandizire Hisashi Ouchi. M’menemo, asing’anga anam’sunga wamoyo mwa kumuthira mwazi ndi madzi ochuluka tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kum’patsa mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera kumaiko osiyanasiyana.
Zimanenedwa kuti munthawi ya chithandizo chake, Hisashi adapempha kangapo kuti amumasule ku ululu wosapiririka ndipo nthawi ina ngakhale adanena “Sanali kufunanso kukhala mbira!”
Koma zimawonedwa ngati nkhani yolemekezeka mdziko lonse yomwe imapanikiza timu yapadera yazachipatala. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti Hisashi amafuna kufa, madotolo adayesetsa kuti asunge moyo masiku 83. Pa tsiku la 59th la chithandizo chake, mtima wake udayima katatu mkati mwa mphindi 49 zokha, zomwe zidawononga ubongo ndi impso zake. Madokotala anali atamugwira Hisashi pomuthandiza mpaka atamwalira pa Disembala 21, 1999, chifukwa cholephera ziwalo zambiri.
Hisashi Ouchi amadziwika kuti ndi radiation yanyukiliya yoyipitsitsa yomwe idakhudzidwa m'mbiri yathu yazachipatala, yemwe adakhala masiku 83 omaliza a moyo wake kudzera munthawi yopweteka kwambiri.
Kodi Yutaka Yokokawa ndi Masato Shinohara nawonso anamwalira?
Kupyolera mu nthawi yonse ya chithandizo choyesera cha Hisashi Ouchi, Masato Shinohara ndi Yutaka Yokokawa analinso m'chipatala, akumenyana ndi imfa yawo. Pambuyo pake, Masato ankaoneka kuti akupeza bwino ndipo mpaka anamutengera panjinga yake ya olumala kukayendera dimba zachipatala pa Tsiku la Chaka Chatsopano cha 2000. Komabe, pambuyo pake anadwala chibayo ndipo mapapu ake anawonongeka ndi cheza chimene analandira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Masato sankatha kulankhula m’masiku amenewo moti ankayenera kulemba mauthenga kwa anamwino ndi banja lake. Ena a iwo ananena mawu achisoni monga “Amayi, chonde!”, Ndi zina zotero.
Pamapeto pake, pa April 27, 2000, Masato nayenso anali atachoka padziko lapansi chifukwa cha kulephera kwa ziwalo zambiri. Kumbali ina, Yutaka anachira mwamwayi atakhala m’chipatala kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi ndipo anatulutsidwa kuti achire kunyumba.
Pali buku lotchedwa “Imfa Yochedwa: Masiku 83 Akudwala Matenda” pazochitika zomvetsa chisoni izi, pomwe 'Hisashi Ouchi' adatchedwa 'Hiroshi Ouchi.' Komabe, bukuli limalemba masiku 83 otsatirawa mpaka pomwe amwalira, ndikumafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za poyizoni.
Kafukufuku ndi lipoti lomaliza la ngozi yachiwiri ya Tokaimura Nuclear
Atafufuza mozama, International Atomic Energy Agency idapeza kuti zomwe zayambitsa ngoziyo ndi "zolakwika za anthu komanso kuphwanya kwakukulu malamulo achitetezo." Malinga ndi malipoti awo, ngoziyi idayamba pomwe ogwira ntchito labu atatuwo adagwiritsa ntchito uranium yochulukirapo kuti apange mafuta ndikuyamba kuyendetsa ma atomiki osalamulirika.
Chifukwa cha tsoka la nyukiliya, anthu okwanira 667, kuphatikiza okhala pafupi ndi ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi adakumana ndi radiation.
Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti ogwira ntchito pafakitoleyi, yoyendetsedwa ndi JCO Co, nthawi zambiri amaphwanya njira zachitetezo, kuphatikiza kusakaniza uranium mu zidebe kuti ntchito ichitike mwachangu.
Ogwira ntchito asanu ndi mmodzi, kuphatikiza woyang'anira mbewu komanso wopulumuka pangozi Yutaka Yokokawa, adavomera mlandu wonyalanyaza womwe udamupha. Purezidenti wa JCO adavomerezanso mlandu m'malo mwa kampaniyo.
Mu Marichi 2000, boma la Japan lidachotsa chilolezo cha JCO. Anali woyambitsa woyamba wa zida za nyukiliya kuyang'anizana ndi chilangocho malinga ndi malamulo aku Japan owongolera mafuta a nyukiliya, zida ndi ma reactor. Adavomereza kulipira $ 121 miliyoni kulipilira kuti akwaniritse madandaulo 6,875 ochokera kwa anthu omwe adakumana ndi radiation komanso akhudza mabizinesi azolimo ndi ntchito.
Prime Minister wakale waku Japan a Yoshiro Mori apepesa ndikutsimikizira kuti boma ligwira ntchito molimbika kuti ngozi yofananayo isadzachitikenso.
Komabe, pambuyo pake mu 2011, The Ngozi ya nyukiliya ya Fukushima Daiichi inachitika ku Japan, yomwe inali ngozi yoopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira pa Epulo 26 1986 Chernobyl tsoka. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cholephera luso pa chivomerezi ndi tsunami ku Tōhoku Lachisanu, 11 Marichi 2011.
Ngozi Yoyamba ya Nyukiliya ya Tokaimura
Zaka ziwiri izi zisanachitike, pa Marichi 11, 1997, Ngozi Yoyamba ya Nyukiliya ya Tokaimura inachitika pamalo opangira zida zanyukiliya ku Dōnen (Power Reactor ndi Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation). Nthawi zina amatchedwa ngozi ya Dōnen.
Ogwira ntchito osachepera 37 adakumana ndi ma radiation ochulukirapo panthawiyi. Patatha sabata chitachitika mwambowu, oyang'anira zanyengo adazindikira milingo yayikulu kwambiri ya cesium makilomita 40 kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chomeracho.
Cesium (Cs) ndichitsulo chofewa, chosungunuka-chagolide chomwe chimasungunuka 28.5 ° C (83.3 ° F). Amachokera kuzinyalala zopangidwa ndi zida za nyukiliya.
Pambuyo powerenga za nkhani yodabwitsa ya Hisashi Ouchi ndi omwe adaphedwa ndi ngozi yanyukiliya ya Second Tokaimura, werengani za "Tsogolo la David Kirwan: Imfa mwa kuwira mu kasupe wotentha!"
