Na-emepe ebe a na-eli ozu Bronze Age na Salisbury, England

Mmepe ụlọ obibi ọhụrụ na Salisbury ekpughere mfọdu nke nnukwu ebe a na-eli ozu barrow na ebe ọdịda ya.

A maara Wiltshire nke ọma maka barrows Age Age ya, ọkachasị ndị achọtara n'ime saịtị ihe nketa ụwa. Stonehenge na na chalkland nke Cranborne Chase. N'ụzọ dị iche, amachaghị ihe gbasara saịtị ndị yiri ya na nso obodo Salisbury nke oge ochie.

Na-emepe ebe a na-eli ozu Bronze Age na Salisbury, England 1
Ọwara mgbanaka etiti dị na Mpaghara 1, bụ ndị otu Andover nke CA na-egwupụta ihe. © Cotswold Archaeology / Jiri Ojiji

Otú ọ dị, nke Vistry Owuwu nke ụlọ obibi ọhụrụ na mpụga Harnham, mpaghara ndịda Salisbury, ekwela ka gwupụta akụkụ nke ihe fọdụrụ nke nnukwu ebe a na-eli ozu barrow na ebe ọdịda ya.

Emebere barrows gburugburu n'oge oge Neolithic, mana ihe ka ọtụtụ bụ n'oge Beaker na Early Bronze Ages (2400 - 1500 BC) ma na-enwekarị ili etiti, mkpọda, na olulu mmiri.

Dayameta ha nwere ike ịdị ihe na-erughị 10m ruo 50m dị ịtụnanya, yana ọtụtụ n'ogologo 20-30m. Ọrụ ala ha dị iche iche dịkwa iche iche, ụfọdụ nwere nnukwu mkpọda etiti ('mgbịrịgba barrow'), ndị ọzọ nwere obere mkpọ mkpọ na mpụta (' disc barrows'), ma ndị ọzọ nwere oghere etiti ('ọdọ mmiri barrow').

Ọwa mmiri ha gaara emepụta ihe maka mkpọta barrow, bụ́ nke a gaara eji nzu, unyi na ahịhịa rụọ ya. A na-ejikọta Barrows na ili; ụfọdụ na-agụnye naanị otu onye, ​​ebe ndị ọzọ na-enwe usoro olili na, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọtụtụ olili.

Na-emepe ebe a na-eli ozu Bronze Age na Salisbury, England 2
Echiche nke barrows n'okpuru gwuputa. © Cotswold Archaeology / Jiri Ojiji

Ọtụtụ narị afọ nke ọrụ ugbo ejirila ụzọ Netherhampton gbakọọ ma bụrụkwa ọwa mmiri ugbu a, n'agbanyeghị olili iri na otu na ozu atọ a na-atụgharịghị ka anwụọla.

Ebe a na-eli ozu nwere ihe dị ka barrow iri abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-esi na nsọtụ Harnham na ọkwa ndagwurugwu Nadder, na elu na n'ofe ugwu nzu gbara ya gburugburu n'akụkụ ugwu nke Cranborne Chase.

Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie gwuola nanị ise n’ime ebe a na-eli ozu, bụ́ ndị a haziri n’obere ụyọkọ nke ụzọ abụọ ma ọ bụ ìgwè isii ma ọ bụ ihe karịrị ya. Opekempe atọ n'ime barrow anyị ka agbatịla nke ọma, otu wee jiri obere oghere oval nke mechaa were ọwa mmiri dị nso dochie ya.

Ọdịdị oval na-egosi na barrow ikpeazụ bụ Neolithic, ma ọ bụ wuru ya na mpaghara Neolithic. Otu nnukwu ili dị n'etiti ya nwere ozu ndị okenye na ụmụaka; ili ndị dị otú ahụ adịkarịghị, na enweghị ngwongwo ili, a ga-ezubere ya maka mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị redio. Barrow ahụ kpughere ili abụọ ọzọ, nke abụọ nwere olili Beaker, nke enwere ike imepụta na mmalite nke Bronze Age.

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Ọkà mmụta ihe ochie bụ Jordan Bendall, na-egwupụta ihe ndị antler na-ahọrọ. © Cotswold Archaeology / Jiri Ojiji

The oval barrow wepụrụ olulu Neolithic nwere oghere mgbada uhie uhie. A na-eji mgbada mgbada kpọrọ ihe nke ukwuu, a na-ejikwa ya were aka siri ike rụọ ọrụ aka ma ọ bụ pike na rake. A na-eme ya ka ọ bụrụ combs na ntụtụ, ngwá ọrụ na ngwa agha dị ka isi nwanyị na mattock, a na-ejikwa ya eme ememe.

Ọkpụkpụ anụ na ndị ọkachamara ọkpụkpụ na-arụ ọrụ ga-enyocha ihe ndị a iji hụ ma ọ dị ihe àmà doro anya nke mgbawa nke ụma ma ọ bụ na-eyi ụkpụrụ. Ndị a nwere ike igosi mgbanwe maka ojiji, dị ka burrs na tines a na-arụ ọrụ maka ịkụ nkume, dị ka hama, ma ọ bụ maka ịkwanye flints iji mepụta ngwá ọrụ.

Na-emepe ebe a na-eli ozu Bronze Age na Salisbury, England 4
Saxon waterhole dị n'okpuru nke Chris Ellis gwupụtara. © Cotswold Archaeology / Jiri Ojiji

Barrow abụọ ndị ọzọ gbara agbata obi enweghị isi ili, ikekwe n'ihi mmebi nke ọtụtụ narị afọ nke ọrụ ugbo kpatara. Atọ ndị a bụ akụkụ nke otu barrows sara mbara, nke nwere atọ ma ọ bụ anọ ndị ọzọ a na-ahụ anya dị ka akara ihe ọkụkụ n'akụkụ ugwu nke Netherhampton Road.

Achọpụtara ụlọ nwere ike gbajiri agbaji - nke a na-eji dị ka ebe nchekwa, ogbako, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ahịa na oghere mmiri n'akụkụ ebe a. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ achọpụtala osisi ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-echekwa site na mmiri mmiri, yana ite Saxon, na mma ígwè, na enwere ike ịnakọta ceramics Roman, na ala nke oghere mmiri ahụ.

Mpaghara nke abụọ kpughere mbara ala ịkọ ihe ('lynchet') nke oge Iron Age ga-ekwe omume, nke bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na Wiltshire, yana mpaghara ngwụcha Bronze Age ruo Iron Age nwere ihe karịrị olulu 240 na oghere.

A na-ejikarị olulu ndị a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nwere ike ịbụ na e jiworo chekwaa ọka wit; Ihe e nwetara n’olulu ndị a ga-egosi otú obodo a si ebi na ịkọ ala ahụ.

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Onyonyo ikuku nke Mpaghara 2, na-egosi ọwa mmiri mgbanaka abụọ na olulu olulu. © Cotswold Archaeology / Jiri Ojiji

Mpaghara 2 bụkwa ebe ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie kpughepụrụ barrow ndị fọdụrụnụ. Otu bụ ọwa mmiri dị mfe a pịrị apị site n'ebe a na-edebe ebe a na-edebe ugwu n'oge mbụ; Achọpụtara ili ozu n'ime ọdọ mmiri ahụ na gburugburu ya.

A kpụrụ barrow nke ọzọ n'ime nzu ma tinye etiti ya n'ebe dị mma, na-eme ka a hụ ụzọ site na ala ala nke ndagwurugwu Nadder River.

N'ebe etiti ya bụ olili nwa ewu na-akpasu iwe, nke ejirila akwa nri ejiri aka nke ụdị 'Yorkshire' so ya, nke aha ya bụ n'ihi profaịlụ dị elu na oke ịchọ mma ya.

Ụdị ụgbọ mmiri a, dị ka aha ahụ na-egosi, na-agbasawanye n'ebe ugwu England ma nwee ike ịbụ ihe na-egosi na ndị mmadụ na-akwaga ebe dị anya.

Nyocha nke isotopes ọkpụkpụ nwere ike ikpebi ma a mụrụ nwa ahụ na mpaghara ma ọ bụ na a zụlitere ya n'ebe ọzọ. N'ezie, onye kere ite ahụ e liri nwa ewu maara ihe na-abụghị obodo.

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Isi ụta Neolithic n'oge na akụkụ nke eriri afọ Bronze Age. © Cotswold Archaeology / Jiri Ojiji

Ngosipụta barrow a na-egbutu olulu Neolithic nwere ite ite Grooved Ware, nke sitere n'ọtụtụ obodo dị na Orkney ihe dịka 3000 BC tupu ịgbasa gafee Britain na Ireland.

Ndị wuru Stonehenge na nnukwu ogige henge nke Durrington Walls na Avebury jiri ya mee ihe. Ntụkọ olulu ndị a na-enwekarị ihe ndị gbajiri agbaji na ọkụ, ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'eriri, na ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe ma ọ bụ ihe mba ọzọ.

Ọkụ Netherhampton abụghị ihe dị iche, na-amịpụta shei scallop, bọọlụ ụrọ na-adọrọ adọrọ, micro denticulate '- nke bụ obere ihe ọkụkụ - na isi akụ Oblique atọ nke Britain, bụ ndị ama ama n'oge ngwụcha Neolithic.

Mgbe emechara ihe ndị a na-egwupụta ugbu a, ndị otu na-egwupụta ihe ga-amalite nyocha na nyocha ihe ndị a gwupụtara.

Nchọpụta nke a nwere ike ime ka anyị mata ụdị ndụ dị n'akụkụ a n'oge Bronze Age na otú ndị mmadụ si ebi na mmekọrịta ha. Obi dị anyị ụtọ ịhụ ihe ọzọ ekpughere ka ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị ahụ.