Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm hauv tebchaws Ixayees tau tshawb pom cov pov thawj txaus nyiam ntawm kev phais lub hlwb tau ua thaum lub Sijhawm Bronze, rov qab mus rau 3,500 xyoo. Qhov kev tshawb pom tau ua nyob rau hauv lub nroog qub ntawm Megiddo, uas tau nyob hauv lub sijhawm Bronze Age. Cov excavations tau coj los ntawm ib pab neeg los ntawm Brown University's Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology thiab Ancient World.
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm kev phais hlwb hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm yog qhov tsawg, thiab qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab no muaj peev xwm txaus siab txog kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg thaum ub. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias qhov kev phais tau ua nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm los txo cov tsos mob ntawm qaug dab peg, uas lawv pom nyob rau hauv ib lub pob txha taub hau.
Hauv xyoo 2016, thaum khawb qhov chaw keeb kwm - hauv qab hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev Bronze Age-era lig - cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom cov seem ntawm ob tug tub ntxhais hluas cov kwv tij uas nyob hauv Megiddo ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua 15 BC. Pab neeg no pom tau tias ib tug ntawm cov kwv tij tau ua ib tug angular notched trephination, ib daim ntawv ntawm cranial phais, tsis ntev ua ntej nws tuag.
Cov txheej txheem phais yog txiav cov tawv taub hau, carving plaub kab sib tshuam nyob rau hauv lub pob txha taub hau los ua ib tug square-shaped lub qhov uas cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg hais tias yog ua los ntawm ib tug me me lub cuab tam nrog ib tug ntse beveled ntug, tej zaum yog ib tug kws phais neeg kawm ntawv. Lub trephination yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tus txiv neej lub pob txha taub hau, saum lub hauv pliaj thiab yog qhov piv txwv ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem no hauv Ancient Near East.
Cov seem tseem pom cov cim qhia ntawm tus neeg uas tau raug mob los ntawm kev raug mob cranial, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm cov cuab yeej blunt, ua ntej kev phais. Tus txiv neej lub pob txha taub hau tau kho, thiab nws nyob rau ntau xyoo ua ntej nws tuag.
Kev tshawb pom ntawm kev phais mob hlwb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm yog qhov nthuav tshwj xeeb, raws li nws qhia tau hais tias txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tib neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm kev kho mob siab heev. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov kev phais no tau ua los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zej zog thaum ub.
Cov kev tshawb pom tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv International Journal of PLOS IB, sib tham txog kev coj ua thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev phais zoo li no hauv lub sijhawm qub. Lawv tau hais tias, "Qhov muaj qhov muaj trephination ntawm Tus Kheej 1 ntxiv yog qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab qib siab uas qhia txog kev nkag mus rau cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tau txais kev kho mob sai ua ntej tuag. Qhov no trephination yog li teeb pom kev sib tshuam ntawm cov xwm txheej lom neeg thiab kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. "
Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias tseem muaj ntau yam uas cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm hauv 200 xyoo dhau los kom paub ntau ntxiv txog trephination.
Piv txwv li, nws tsis paub meej vim li cas qee qhov trephinations yog puag ncig, qhia txog kev siv cov khoom siv analog, thaum lwm tus yog square lossis triangular. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias cov neeg thaum ub tseem tab tom sim kho thiab qhov kev kho mob muaj ntau npaum li cas hauv txhua cheeb tsam.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, Megiddo tau nyob hla txoj kev thaj av tseem ceeb hu ua Via Maris uas txuas rau tim lyiv teb chaws, Syria, Mesopotamia, thiab Anatolia 4,000 xyoo dhau los. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th BC, lub nroog tau txhim kho mus rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam raws li nws brimmed nrog cov tuam tsev, palaces, rooj vag, fortifications, thiab ntau ntxiv. Thiab ob tug kwv tij seem, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, tau los ntawm thaj chaw nyob ib sab ntawm lub hnub nyoog Bronze Age ntawm Megiddo, qhia tias lawv yog pej xeem cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab tej zaum txawm tias muaj vaj ntxwv.
Txoj kev tshawb no tseem qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev khawb av, thiab qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov seem ntawm cov neeg thaum ub. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov pob txha thiab cov khoom qub yav dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tuaj yeem sib sau ua pov thawj txog cov tib neeg thaum ub thiab lawv txoj kev ntseeg, kev coj ua, thiab kev paub txog kev kho mob.
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm prehistoric lub hlwb phais tau qhib txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb pom hauv thaj chaw paleopathology, uas suav nrog kev kawm txog kab mob thiab kab mob thaum ub, thiab qhia tias tib neeg tau hloov pauv thiab hloov zuj zus mus li cas.
Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis, thiab nrog cov kev tshawb pom tshiab tau tsim, tseem muaj ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau kawm txog peb lub neej yav dhau los, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas nws muaj rau peb cov keeb kwm kev kho mob thiab kev sib raug zoo.
