Thaum tib neeg kev ua ub ua no tau ua tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv cov pos huab thiab toj roob hauv pes ntawm sab qab teb Caucasus rau ntau txhiab xyoo, cov zej zog archaeological sab hnub poob tsuas yog tsis ntev los no tau nkag mus rau lawv.
Hauv plaub lub xyoos dhau los, cov koom pheej me tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub qub Soviet Union tau txais kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev kawm thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi ua tsaug rau cov kev tshawb pom uas tau ua nyob rau ntawd, suav nrog cov khau qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab cov chaw qub tshaj plaws winemaking, nrog rau cov cim ntawm Urartian nroog. nrog ntau pua lub nkoj tuav cawv faus rau hauv av. Tsis muaj, txawm li cas los xij, zoo li tantalizing li 4.5-hectare archaeological site uas nws lub npe yog sib tw raws li nws cov keeb kwm tsis meej.
Qhov chaw ntawm Zorats Karer, tseem hu ua Karahundj nyob rau hauv lub zos parlance, yog nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cheeb tsam ntawm Armenia thiab tau pom ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv lub millennia, los ntawm prehistoric mus rau medieval civilizations.
Nws suav nrog ib lub qhov ntxa thaum ub thiab ib pawg ntawm kwv yees li 200 lub pob zeb loj loj uas nyob ze. Yim caum ntawm cov monoliths no muaj cov yam ntxwv, zoo-polished qhov drilled ntawm lawv cov ntug sab saud.
Rau qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv zos, kev tshawb fawb ua ntej uas piv Zorats Karer qhov cuam tshuam txog hnub qub rau cov neeg Askiv lub cim Stonehenge monument nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no tau nyiam los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb mus rau monoliths.
Ntau qhov chaw ncig xyuas tebchaws tau teb rau qhov kev sib piv los ntawm kev sau npe Zorats Karer sib tham raws li 'Armenian Stonehenge' thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cav ntawm cov zej zog kev tshawb fawb thiab cov kab lis kev cai nrov tau ua phem heev.
Thawj tus kws tshawb fawb txog Zorats Karer tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1935 los ntawm ethnographer Stepan Lisitsian, uas tau liam tias nws ib zaug ua haujlwm ua chaw nres tsheb rau tuav tsiaj. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 1950, Marus Hasratyan nrhiav tau ib pawg ntawm 11th mus rau 9th-century BCE faus chambers.
Tab sis thawj qhov kev tshawb nrhiav uas tau txais kev saib xyuas thoob ntiaj teb rau lub complex yog ntawm Soviet archaeologist Onnik Khnkikyan, uas tau thov nyob rau hauv 1984 hais tias 223 megalithic pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub complex tej zaum yuav siv, tsis yog rau tsiaj husbandry, tab sis es tsis txhob rau prehistoric stargazing.
Nws ntseeg hais tias lub qhov ntawm lub pob zeb, uas yog ob nti nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab khiav mus txog nees nkaum ntiv tes sib sib zog nqus, tej zaum yuav tau siv raws li thaum ntxov telescopes rau saib mus rau hauv qhov deb los yog saum ntuj.
Txaus siab rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm astronomical, cov kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv tau ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob astrophysicist npe hu ua Elma Parsamian los ntawm Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, ib qho ntawm cov chaw astronomy tseem ceeb ntawm USSR.
Nws thiab nws cov npoj yaig tau saib xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm lub qhov raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub qub thiab tsim kom muaj ob peb ntawm lawv ua raws li hnub sawv thiab hnub poob rau hnub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov sostice.
Nws kuj yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tawm tswv yim lub npe Karahundj rau qhov chaw, tom qab ib lub zos 40km deb ntawm tib lub npe. Ua ntej nws qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, cov neeg hauv zos tau xa mus rau qhov chaw xws li Ghoshun Dash, uas txhais tau tias 'Tub Rog ntawm Pob Zeb' hauv Turkic.
Cov lus dab neeg hais tias cov pob zeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm ua kev nco txog cov tub rog raug tua nyob rau hauv tsov rog. Tom qab xyoo 1930, cov neeg hauv zos tau hloov mus rau Armenian txhais lus, Zorats Karer. Tab sis Karahundj, Parsamian tau hais tias, muab lub npe nthuav dua vim Kar, txhais tau tias pob zeb, thiab hudj, lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb uas tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus hauv Armenian, suab zoo ib yam li British 'henge'.
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub npe no tau txais kev thuam heev los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab hauv cov ntawv tshawb fawb, lub npe Zorats Karer tau siv ze li ntawm.
Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, tus kws tshaj xov tooj cua hu ua Paris Herouni tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev pib xyaum ua haujlwm los ntawm Parsamian's, siv txoj hauv kev telescopic thiab cov kev cai lij choj ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws tau sib cav hais tias lub vev xaib tiag tiag rov qab mus rau ib ncig ntawm 5500 BCE, predating nws cov British counterpart los ntawm ntau tshaj plaub txhiab xyoo.
Nws tau ua siab ncaj rau kev sib piv ncaj qha rau Stonehenge thiab txawm mus kom deb li deb mus rau etymologically taug qab lub npe Stonehenge rau lo lus Karahundj, thov nws yeej muaj Armenian keeb kwm. Nws kuj tau sau ntawv nrog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Stonehenge soj ntsuam txoj kev xav, Gerald Hawkins, uas tau pom zoo rau nws txoj haujlwm. Nws cov lus thov tau nrawm nrawm, thiab lwm tus kws tshawb fawb uas tawm tsam nws qhov kev tshawb pom tau pom tias lawv nyuaj rau tshem tawm.
Qhov teeb meem nrog "Armenian Stonehenge" daim ntawv lo, sau tseg archaeo-astronomer Clive Ruggles nyob rau hauv Ancient Astronomy: Ib Encyclopedia ntawm Cosmologies thiab Myth, yog qhov kev soj ntsuam uas txheeb xyuas Stonehenge raws li ib qho kev soj ntsuam thaum ub niaj hnub no feem ntau raug tshem tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws hais tias, kev tshawb fawb kos duab sib piv ntawm ob qhov chaw yog "tsawg dua li pab tau."
Raws li xibfwb Pavel Avetisyan, kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm National Academy of Sciences hauv Armenia, tsis muaj kev sib cav txog kev tshawb fawb txog lub monument. Nws hais tias, "Cov kws tshaj lij muaj kev nkag siab meej ntawm thaj chaw," thiab ntseeg tias nws yog ntau txheej [ntau-siv] monument, uas yuav tsum tau khawb thiab kawm mus ntev."
Xyoo 2000, nws tau pab coj pab pawg neeg tshawb fawb German los ntawm University of Munich hauv kev tshawb xyuas qhov chaw. Hauv lawv qhov kev tshawb pom, lawv, ib yam nkaus, thuam qhov kev soj ntsuam kev xav, sau ntawv, “… [A]n qhov kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw ua rau lwm cov txiaj ntsig. [Zora Karer], nyob rau ntawm lub pob zeb promontory, feem ntau yog ib tug necropolis los ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub Nyoog Bronze mus rau Hnub Nyoog Hlau. Cov pob zeb loj heev ntawm lub sijhawm no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv thaj chaw. " Avetisyan cov pab pawg hnub tim lub monument rau tsis muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 2000 BCE, tom qab Stonehenge, thiab kuj qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm uas qhov chaw tau ua qhov chaw nkaum thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm Hellenistic.
"Qhov kev pom tias lub monument yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam thaum ub los yog nws lub npe yog Karahundj yog cov charlatanism theem pib, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Tag nrho cov ntawd, "Avetisian hais tias, "tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog kev tshawb fawb."
Tu siab rau Avetisyan, tsis muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais lus Askiv muaj los pab cov neeg sab hnub poob txaus siab refute falsehoods txog Zorats Karer. Richard Ney, ib tug neeg Amelikas uas tau tsiv mus rau Armenia xyoo 1992, tau tsim lub Armenian Monuments Awareness Project, thiab xyoo 1997 nws tau sau lub vev xaib thawj qhov kev paub lus Askiv. Nws tau pom ntau tshaj 20 xyoo rov qab thiab tawm mus.
Nws ntseeg tias Karahundj yog "ntaus ntawm ob ceg sib txawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb nrog kev tawm tsam kev xav txog yuav ua li cas kom tau qhov tseeb. Ob leeg ntseeg tau, "nws hais tias, "thiab kuv xav tias ob qho tib si tuaj yeem raug, tab sis yuav tsis lees nws."
Lub monument nws tus kheej yog gorgeous thiab nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm Armenia uas tau txais koob hmoov nrog tej yam ntuj tso kev zoo nkauj, ua rau nws ib tug alluring excursion rau ntau tourists txhua xyoo, txawm tag nrho cov kev sib cav tswv yim thiab dab tsi koj mus rau hu nws.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv nroog thiab neo-Pagans los ntawm Yerevan, uas paub ua kev zoo siab rau qee yam kev lom zem nyob rau ntawd, tau pib ua kev txaus siab rau hnub no. Hauv ntau qhov kev hwm, Zorats Karer yog pov thawj ntawm qhov tsis paub archaeology li cas, thiab ib feem ntawm nws qhov kev nyiam yuav yog qhov tsis paub.
