Neanderthals yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws subspecies uas puas tau muaj. Cov neeg prehistoric no yog stocky, leeg, muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab txawv txawv qhov ntswg. Suab zoo heev weird, txoj cai? Qhov no yog, Neanderthals kuj tau ua lub neej txawv dua li peb cov neeg niaj hnub ua. Lawv vam meej nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav uas lawv yos hav zoov tsiaj loj xws li woolly mammoths thiab nyob hauv qhov tsua kom lawv tus kheej muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom thiab cov tsiaj nyeg.
Neanderthals tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau lub qhov tsua thoob teb chaws Europe, uas tau ua rau qee tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntseeg tias cov tib neeg thaum ub tau siv sijhawm ntau nyob rau hauv cov chaw zoo li no. Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau pom zoo tias Neanderthals tsis tau tsim cov tsev no lawv tus kheej tab sis yuav tsum tau siv lawv ntev ua ntej tib neeg niaj hnub ua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no yuav tsis muaj tseeb, vim tias muaj ib qho kev zam - Theopetra Qhov tsua.
Lub qhov tsua Theopetra
Ib tug xov tooj ntawm intriguing ancient qhov tsua tuaj yeem pom nyob ze Meteora, lub pob zeb zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb thiab txawv txawv hauv tebchaws Greece thaum ub. Lub qhov tsua Theopetra yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Nws yog ib qho ntawm ib qho chaw archaeological, tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub sijhawm prehistoric hauv tebchaws Greece.
Nws ntseeg tau tias Theopetra Qhov tsua, nyob hauv Meteora limestone pob zeb tsim ntawm Thessaly, Central Greece, tau nyob thaum ntxov li 130,000 xyoo dhau los, ua rau nws yog qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev tsim kho ntxov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Archaeologists hais tias muaj pov thawj ntawm kev txuas ntxiv tib neeg txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua, yos tag nrho txoj kev rov qab mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub Palaeolithic lub sijhawm thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm lub Lub sijhawm Neolithic.
Lub qhov tsua Theopetra qhov chaw thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv
Nyob li ntawm 100 meters (330 ko taw) saum lub hav, lub qhov tsua Theopetra tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub roob limestone hu ua "Theopetra Rock". Kev nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua muab cov kev pom zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg zoo nkauj ntawm Theopetra, thaum Lethaios River, ib ceg ntawm Pineios River, ntws tsis deb.
Geologists kwv yees tias lub roob limestone yog thawj qhov chaw ntawm 137 thiab 65 lab xyoo dhau los, thaum lub sij hawm Upper Cretaceous. Raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm archaeological excavation, thawj cov pov thawj ntawm tib neeg nyob hauv lub qhov tsua hnub rov qab mus rau Middle Palaeolithic lub sijhawm, uas tshwm sim kwv yees li 13,0000 xyoo dhau los.
Lub qhov tsua yog kwv yees li 500 square metres (5380 sq ft) loj thiab tau pom zoo li quadrilateral nyob rau hauv cov duab nrog me ntsis nooks ntawm nws periphery. Qhov nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua Theopetra yog qhov loj heev, uas ua rau muaj ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo kom nkag mus rau hauv qhov tsua qhov tob.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws discoveries qhia Theopetra Cave lub ancient secrets
Kev khawb ntawm lub qhov tsua Theopetra tau pib xyoo 1987 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 2007, thiab ntau qhov kev tshawb pom zoo kawg nkaus tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw qub no ntau xyoo. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thaum qhov kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm keeb kwm tau pib, lub qhov tsua Theopetra tau siv los ua chaw nyob ib ntus rau cov neeg yug yaj hauv zos kom khaws lawv cov tsiaj.
Theopetra Cave archaeology tau nthuav tawm ntau qhov kev tshawb pom zoo. Ib qho cuam tshuam rau lub qhov tsua tus neeg nyob hauv kev nyab xeeb. Cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias muaj qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub qhov tsua txoj hauj lwm los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov av qeeg los ntawm txhua qhov archaeological stratum. Lub qhov tsua cov pej xeem hloov pauv raws li huab cua hloov pauv.
Raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm archaeological khawb, lub qhov tsua tau txuas ntxiv nyob rau lub sijhawm nruab nrab thiab sab saud Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, thiab Neolithic lub sijhawm. Nws tau raug tsim los ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm ntau yam khoom, xws li cov thee thiab tib neeg cov pob txha, uas lub qhov tsua tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 135,000 thiab 4,000 BC, thiab kev siv ib ntus txuas ntxiv mus rau lub sijhawm Bronze Age thiab mus rau lub sijhawm keeb kwm mus txog rau xyoo. Xyoo 1955.
Lwm yam khoom pom hauv lub qhov tsua muaj xws li cov pob txha thiab cov plhaub, nrog rau cov pob txha pob txha rov qab mus rau 15000, 9000, thiab 8000 BC, thiab cov kab ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov noob uas qhia txog kev noj zaub mov ntawm lub qhov tsua cov neeg nyob ua ntej.
Cov phab ntsa qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
Cov seem ntawm lub pob zeb phab ntsa uas yav tas los thaiv ib feem ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub qhov tsua Theopetra yog lwm qhov kev tshawb pom zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawd. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj yeem sau hnub tim phab ntsa no txog 23,000 xyoo los ntawm kev siv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib tham hu ua optically stimulated luminescence.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias vim lub hnub nyoog ntawm phab ntsa no, uas sib haum rau lub sijhawm glacial kawg, cov neeg nyob hauv lub qhov tsua yuav tau ua kom tsis txhob txias. Nws tau raug lees paub tias qhov no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws uas neeg tsim qauv hauv tebchaws Greece, thiab tej zaum txawm nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Yam tsawg kawg peb hominid hneev taw, etched mus rau hauv pem teb mos hauv av ntawm lub qhov tsua, tau tshaj tawm tias kuj tau pom. Nws tau pom tias ntau tus menyuam yaus Neanderthal, hnub nyoog ob txog plaub xyoos, uas tau nyob hauv lub qhov tsua thaum nruab nrab Palaeolithic lub sijhawm tsim cov hneev taw raws li lawv cov duab thiab qhov loj me.
Avgi - 7,000-xyoo-laus hluas nkauj nrhiav pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov tsua
Cov seem ntawm tus poj niam hnub nyoog 18 xyoo, uas nyob hauv tebchaws Greece thaum lub sijhawm Mesolithic ze li 7,000 xyoo dhau los, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrhiav pom hauv Theopetra Qhov tsua. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau rov tsim kho tus tub hluas lub ntsej muag tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav, thiab nws tau muab lub npe "Avgi" (Dawn).
Xib fwb Papagrigorakis, tus kws kho hniav, siv Avgi cov hniav ua lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov kev tsim kho ntawm nws lub ntsej muag. Muab pov thawj tsis txaus, nws cov khaub ncaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov plaub hau, yog qhov nyuaj heev los tsim dua.
Cov lus kawg
Lub qhov tsua Theopetra yog qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua tus paub qhov chaw prehistoric nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib puag ncig thiab nws cov cuab yeej technology, uas tau siv los ntawm cov neeg laus tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.
Cov lus nug yog: yuav ua li cas cov tib neeg prehistoric tau tsim xws li ib tug complex qauv, txawm ua ntej lawv muaj muaj peev xwm los ua cov cuab yeej yooj yim? Qhov kev sib tw no tau xav txog cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tsis sib xws - thiab qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov lus teb yuav nyob hauv qhov txawv tshaj plaw engineering feats ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv prehistoric.
