Cov lus dab neeg ntawm Si-Te-Cah: "Plaub hau liab" cov neeg loj hauv Lovelock, Nevada

Cov "neeg loj" no tau piav qhia tias phem, tsis ua phooj ywg, thiab ua neeg nyob tsis sib haum. Txawm hais tias lawv tus lej qis, Si-Te-Cah tau tsim kev hem thawj loj rau Paiutes, uas nyuam qhuav pib tsim lawv tus kheej hauv thaj chaw.

Paiutes, haiv neeg Native-American uas nyob hauv ntu ntawm Nevada, muaj cov lus piav qhia txog lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov plaub hau liab, cov neeg loj loj dawb uas lawv tau hais rau cov neeg dawb nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Cov tsiaj loj loj no tau piav raws li "Si-Te-Cah." Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins, tus ntxhais ntawm Paiute Indian tus thawj coj, sau tseg zaj dab neeg hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub Neej Ntawm Cov Piutes: Lawv Ua Tsis Tau thiab Thov," uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1882.

Sarah Winnemucca, Paiute Writer thiab Lecturer, nrog nws txiv thiab Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Poito Winnemucca ntawm Paiute Natives hauv Nevada
Sarah Winnemucca, Paiute Writer thiab Lecturer, nrog nws txiv thiab Tus Thawj Coj Poito Winnemucca ntawm Paiute Natives hauv Nevada. Circa 1882. © Duab Duab: Pej Xeem Chaw

Cov "loj heev" no tau piav qhia tias phem, tsis ua phooj ywg, thiab ua neeg nyob. Txawm hais tias lawv tus lej qis, Si-Te-Cah tau tsim kev hem thawj loj rau Paiutes, uas nyuam qhuav pib tsim lawv tus kheej hauv thaj chaw.

Cov lus dab neeg tau hais tias muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev, Paiute tau sib tsoo thiab yuam cov neeg loj loj mus rau hauv qhov av, tso cov ntoo hla ntawm qhov rooj nkag thiab teeb rau hluav taws nrog cov xub tawg, uas ua rau lawv ploj mus hauv qhov chaw uas tam sim no hu ua Lovelock Qhov tsua.

Nkag mus rau Lovelock Cave, Nevada
Nkag mus rau Lovelock Cave, Nevada © Ken Lund | muaj ntawv tso cai hauv qab (CC BY-SA 2.0)

Cov nyiaj no tau tsis quav ntsej los ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm niaj hnub no thiab cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm raws li cov ntawv cuav thiab cov lus tsis tseeb, tab sis qee tus tau sib cav tias cov pov thawj keeb kwm qhia txog lwm yam.

Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tshawb pom ntau txhiab yam khoom sab hauv lub qhov tsua no thaum lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ua rau muaj kev tshawb nrhiav ntev thiab xav tias Paiute cov lus dab neeg muaj tseeb.

Lovelock Cave hauv Nevada thawj zaug tau pom cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm xyoo 1924, kaum peb xyoos tom qab cov kws tshawb fawb pib sau cov nas tsuag guano uas tau loj hlob ntawm nws hauv av. Qhuav puav guano yog ib txwm siv chiv ua chiv rau siv ua vaj zaub.

Guano yog qhov tso tawm ntawm seabirds thiab puav. Raws li cov chiv, guano yog cov chiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim nws muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm nitrogen, phosphate, thiab potassium - cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo. Guano tseem yog, rau qhov tsawg dua, nrhiav kev tsim cov phom thiab lwm yam khoom tawg.
Guano yog qhov tso tawm ntawm seabirds thiab puav. Raws li cov chiv, guano yog cov chiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim nws muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm nitrogen, phosphate, thiab potassium - cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev cog qoob loo. Guano tseem yog, rau qhov tsawg dua, nrhiav kev tsim cov phom thiab lwm yam khoom tawg. © Duab Duab: Bidouze Stephane | Muaj ntawv tso cai los ntawm DreamsTime.com (Kho Duab/Duab Duab Lag Luam, ID: 44893755)

Cov neeg ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv mus khawb kom txog thaum tshem tawm cov khoom qub qub hauv, hauv qab txheej txheej sab saum toj ntawm bat guano, dhau los ua qhov nyuaj heev. Thaum lawv kawm paub txog lawv qhov kev tshawb pom, lawv tau ceeb toom rau University of California, thiab kev pib khawb av tau pib.

duck decoys, liab ntiav loj heev
Native-made duck decoys. © Duab Khab nias: Smithsonian National Museum ntawm Asmeskas Khab

Kwv yees li 10,000 qhov piv txwv keeb kwm raug tshawb pom suav nrog cov cuab yeej, pob txha, pob tawb, thiab riam phom. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom, 60 qhov nruab nrab qhov siab mummies tau raug tshawb pom. Duck decoys - ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws paub hauv ntiaj teb nrog cov plaub tseem txuas nrog - thiab cov khau khiab hla 15 ntiv tes ntev tau khawb. Lub pob zeb zoo li lub pob zeb uas muaj 365 lub qhov me me tau muab tso rau sab nrauv thiab 52 qhov sib dhos sib dhos sab hauv tau pom, uas qee tus kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias yog daim ntawv qhia hnub.

Qhov txaus siab, radiocarbon kev sib tham ua tiav ntawm kev mus ntsib tom tsev pom cov khoom siv zaub yos rov qab rau xyoo 2030 BC, tib neeg poj niam txiv neej sib tham txog 1450 BC, tib neeg cov leeg nqaij sib tham hnub tim 1420 BC, thiab pob tawb yos rov qab rau 1218 BC. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm xaus los ntawm qhov no tias tib neeg txoj haujlwm ntawm lub qhov tsua Lovelock, los ntawm kab lis kev cai no, pib xyoo 1500 BC. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm niaj hnub no hu cov tib neeg uas nyob hauv thaj chaw Lovelock Culture nrog Lub Sijhawm nyob ntev li 3,000 xyoo. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntseeg tias Lovelock Culture tau hloov los ntawm Northern Paiutes.

Muaj kev sib cav ntev raws li qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus foob tau hais txog Lovelock Giants. Thaum thawj qhov kev khawb av, muaj cov ntawv ceeb toom tias mummified tseem tau pom ntawm ob tus plaub hau liab loj loj-ib tus yog poj niam 6.5-taw siab, lwm tus yog txiv neej, ntau dua 8-taw.

Lovelock taub hau
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txawv ntawm qhov loj me. Cov hniav tag nrho hauv qhov chaw thiab nws pom tseeb tias cov pob txha puab tsaig thiab qhov muag qhov muag yog qhov loj me. Cov cai ntawm ib qho kev xav pom yuav txiav txim siab tias ob yam khoom nyob ze yuav yog qhov sib txawv me me raws li duab ntxoov ntxoo poob rau sab nraub qaum thiab ob qho tib si nyob hauv tib lub dav hlau. © Cov duab no tau yees duab los ntawm Don Monroe plaub caug xyoo dhau los.

Niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom cuav uas tsis yog tib neeg tau pom los ntawm lub qhov tsua Lovelock tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsev khaws khoom qub lossis hauv University of California ntawm Berkeley tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis cov pob txha tsis meej thiab mummies tsis yooj yim los. Qee leej ntseeg, cov khoom cuav, lawv tus kheej, ua pov thawj tias kev coj noj coj ua zoo tau ua tiav los ntawm Paiute Isdias Asmesliskas, tab sis puas yog cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov plaub hau daj loj loj ntawm Lovelock yog keeb kwm muaj tseeb tseem tsis tau paub txog niaj hnub no.

Cov neeg tsis ntseeg hais tias tshuaj lom los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tom qab kev faus neeg yog qhov laj thawj vim li cas mummified tseem muaj cov plaub hau liab tsis hloov xim dub, ib yam li cov neeg Khab feem ntau hauv thaj chaw. Ib qho ntxiv, kev kawm tiav hauv Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Nevada qhia tias "cov neeg loj" muaj txog li 8 feet siab, thiab tsis siab txog XNUMX feet siab raws li tau hais tseg.

Lovelock loj heev
Nov yog qhov sib piv ntawm Homo Sapiens lub puab tsaig, lossis tus txiv neej niaj hnub, thiab lub puab tsaig loj ntawm Lovelock loj heev.

Koj yuav tau txais kev khiav ncig yog tias koj xav pom cov mummies no rau koj tus kheej. Ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej yuav qhia rau koj tias lwm tus muaj nws, thiab hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam. Tus thawj cov miners thiab cov neeg khawb av tau thov tias ob peb lub mummies (ib nrab thiab tag nrho) tau raug tshawb pom, tab sis tam sim no, txhua yam koj tuaj yeem pom tseeb yog ib lub puab tsaig thiab ib lub pob txha taub hau. Humboldt County Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Winnemucca muaj ib qho ntawm pob txha taub hau.

Tej zaum peb yuav tsis paub seb qhov Lovelock Cave mummies puas tau muaj los yog raug zais cia. Cov khoom qub uas muaj tshwm sim los txhawb nqa Paiute cov dab neeg, thiab cov pov thawj ntawm kev loj hlob tau pom thiab sau tseg hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Tsuas yog cov mummies loj heev lawv tus kheej, Lovelock Cave thov zoo li muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog.

Puas yog lawv tau faus rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom kom tib neeg yuav tsis pom qhov keeb kwm yav dhau los yuam kev? Lossis puas yog lawv yog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov dab neeg qub thaum ub thiab ob peb pob txha uas tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los?