Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm pom muaj teeb meem 65,000-xyoo-laus daim duab tiag tiag tau pleev xim los ntawm Neanderthals

Cov duab tha xim ua ntej hauv Spain qhia Neanderthals yog cov kws kos duab txog 65,000 xyoo dhau los. Lawv tau zoo li tib neeg.

Raws li ib tus kws sau ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, Neanderthals tau nyob ze rau peb cov tsiaj ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm yav dhau los ntau dua li kev xav yav dhau los, raws li cov duab hauv qhov tsua pom hauv Spain qhia tias lawv muaj lub siab nyiam tsim cov duab.

Neanderthals qhov tsua duab pom
Cov ntaub thaiv ntawm stalactites hauv Ardales qhov tsua hauv Spain tau pleev xim nrog cov xim liab ntau dua 65,000 xyoo dhau los - tom qab ntawd dua 45,000 xyoo dhau los. © CD Standish

Raws li txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) phau ntawv xov xwm, cov xim liab liab pom ntawm stalagmites hauv Qhov tsua ntawm Ardales, ze Malaga, nyob rau sab qab teb Spain, tau tsim los ntawm Neanderthals ncig 65,000 xyoo dhau los, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm thawj cov kws ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb. Tib neeg niaj hnub no tsis nyob hauv Europe thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov duab qhov tsua.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tshawb pom tau muaj teeb meem, thiab cov kws tshaj lij tshaj tawm tau hais tias "tej zaum cov xim no yog qhov tshwm sim ib txwm muaj, tshwm sim los ntawm cov hlau oxide ntws tawm," raws li Francesco d'Errico, tus sau ua ke ntawm kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm PNAS.

Neanderthals qhov tsua duab pom
Kev tshuaj lom tshuaj ntawm cov xim qhia tau tias Neanderthals tau pleev xim rau cov stalagmites ntawm peb qhov sib txawv ntawm 20,000 xyoo. © João Zilhão

Kev tshuaj xyuas tshiab qhia tias cov xim sib xyaw thiab qhov chaw tsis zoo ib yam nrog txheej txheem ntuj; theej, cov xim tau thov los ntawm kev tawg thiab tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov kev ntxhib los mos tsis zoo ib yam piv txwv los ntawm lub qhov tsua, qhia tias cov xim tuaj ntawm lwm qhov.

Raws li d'Errico ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Bordeaux, qhov no "txhawb qhov kev xav uas Neanderthals tau mus ntsib ntau zaus, hla ntau txhiab xyoo, pleev xim lub qhov tsua nrog cov xim."

Raws li Joao Zilhao, lwm tus sau ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, txoj kev sib tham tau qhia tias Neanderthals spat ocher mus rau stalagmites, suav tias yog ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem sib piv Neanderthal "kos duab" rau cov neeg niaj hnub ua duab phab ntsa, xws li cov uas pom hauv Fabkis Chauvet-Pont d'Arc qhov tsua, uas muaj ntau dua 30,000 xyoo.

Cov txiaj ntsig kawg tau ntxiv rau lub cev pov thawj tias Neanderthals, uas nws caj ces tau ploj mus qee qhov 40,000 xyoo dhau los, tsis yog cov kwv tij txheeb ze ntawm Homo sapiens uas lawv tau piav ntev los lawm.

"Qhov tseem ceeb yog nws tsim peb qhov kev xav ntawm Neanderthals. Lawv tau zoo li tib neeg. Kev tshawb nrhiav tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tau khaws cov khoom muaj nqis, sib koom nrog tib neeg, thiab lawv tau dai cov qhov tsua zoo li peb "Zilhao tau hais.

Raws li pab pawg tshawb fawb, cov xim tsis yog "kos duab" hauv kev nkag siab ib txwm muaj, tab sis theej "qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm khoov ntawm kev khaws lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw."

Cov qhov tsua "ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov cim ntawm qee pab pawg Neanderthal," txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim no tseem tsis tau paub.