40,000-xyoo-laus lub hnub qub daim duab qhia chaw nrog kev paub zoo ntawm hnub qub astronomy

Hauv xyoo 2008, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm qhov tseeb tsis txaus ntseeg txog cov tib neeg palaeolithic - ntau lub qhov tsua paintings, qee qhov uas muaj hnub nyoog li 40,000 xyoo, yog cov khoom ntawm complex astronomy uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub tau txais nyob rau yav dhau los.

40,000-xyoo-laus lub hnub qub daim duab qhia chaw nrog kev paub zoo ntawm hnub qub astronomy 1
Ib txhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb no cov laus tshaj plaws lub qhov tsua paintings tau qhia li cas cov neeg thaum ub muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm astronomy. Cov cim tsiaj sawv cev rau lub hnub qub constellations nyob rau hauv lub ntuj tsaus ntuj, thiab yog siv los kos cov hnub thiab cov xwm txheej xws li comet strikes, tsom xam los ntawm University of Edinburgh qhia. Credit: Alistair Coombs

Cov duab kos duab thaum ub uas tau xav tias yog cov cim ntawm cov tsiaj txhu prehistoric yog daim duab qhia hnub qub thaum ub, raws li cov kws tshaj lij tau qhia hauv lawv qhov kev tshawb pom zoo.

Kev kos duab hauv qhov tsua thaum ntxov qhia tau hais tias tib neeg muaj kev paub zoo txog lub ntuj tsaus ntuj hauv lub hnub nyoog dej khov kawg. Kev txawj ntse, lawv tsis txawv ntawm peb niaj hnub no. Tab sis cov duab kos duab tshwj xeeb no tau qhia tias tib neeg muaj kev paub zoo txog cov hnub qub thiab cov hnub qub ntau dua 40,000 xyoo dhau los.

Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm Paleolithic Age, lossis tseem hu ua Lub Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb - lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv prehistory txawv los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej pob zeb uas suav txog yuav luag 99% ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm tib neeg thev naus laus zis prehistory.

Ancient daim duab qhia chaw

Raws li kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb tau luam tawm los ntawm University of Edinburgh, tib neeg thaum ub tau tswj hwm lub sijhawm los ntawm kev saib cov hnub qub hloov txoj haujlwm saum ntuj. Cov duab kos duab thaum ub, pom nyob rau ntau qhov chaw hauv Tebchaws Europe, tsis yog cov sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj qus, raws li yav dhau los xav.

Hloov chaw, tsiaj cov cim sawv cev rau cov hnub qub ntawm cov hnub qub nyob rau hmo ntuj. Lawv siv los sawv cev rau hnub tim, cim cov xwm txheej xws li kev sib tsoo asteroid, dab noj hnub, meteor da dej, hnub sawv thiab hnub poob, solstices thiab equinoxes, lunar theem thiab lwm yam.

40,000-xyoo-laus lub hnub qub daim duab qhia chaw nrog kev paub zoo ntawm hnub qub astronomy 2
Lascaux lub qhov tsua pleev xim: 17,000 xyoo dhau los, cov neeg pleev xim Lascaux tau muab lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj kev xav tshiab, qee cov duab kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua sawv cev ntawm cov hnub qub raws li pom nyob saum ntuj los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv los ntawm lub sijhawm Magdalenian. Xws li qhov kev xav, lees paub hauv ntau lwm qhov Paleolithic Qhov tsua hloov pauv peb lub tswv yim hais txog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab pob zeb ua ntej.

Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov neeg thaum ub tau nkag siab zoo txog qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv me ntsis hauv lub ntiaj teb txoj kab kev sib hloov. Kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov tshwm sim no, hu ua precession ntawm equinoxes, yav dhau los tau suav nrog rau cov neeg Greek thaum ub.

Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj tshawb fawb, Dr Martin Sweatman, los ntawm University of Edinburgh piav qhia, "Cov duab kos duab thaum ntxov pom tau hais tias tib neeg muaj kev paub zoo txog lub ntuj tsaus ntuj hauv lub hnub nyoog dej khov kawg. Kev txawj ntse, lawv tsis txawv ntawm peb niaj hnub no. Tese kev tshawb pom txhawb txoj kev xav ntawm ntau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm comets thoob plaws hauv tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob thiab zoo li yuav hloov pauv txoj hauv kev ua ntej cov pej xeem raug saib. "

Kev paub ntse ntawm cov hnub qub

Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Edinburgh thiab Kent cov tsev kawm qib siab tau kawm ntau yam txuj ci tseem ceeb hauv cov qhov tsua qub nyob hauv Turkey, Spain, Fabkis thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Hauv lawv qhov kev kawm tob, lawv tau ua tiav lub sijhawm ntawm cov pob zeb kos duab los ntawm kev sib tham txog cov xim uas siv los ntawm tib neeg thaum ub.

Tom qab ntawd, siv lub khoos phis tawj software, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kwv yees txoj haujlwm ntawm cov hnub qub raws nraim thaum cov duab kos. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias tej zaum yuav tshwm sim ua ntej, raws li paub daws teeb sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj, tuaj yeem txhais raws li cov hnub qub raws li lawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau yav dhau los.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias cov duab hauv qhov tsua zoo kawg no yog ib qho pov thawj tseeb tias tib neeg thaum ub tau siv txoj kev sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm raws li kev suav hnub qub. Tag nrho cov no, txawm hais tias lub qhov tsua paintings tau sib cais nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm kaum tawm txhiab xyoo.

"Cov duab puab qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, Tsov-txiv neej los ntawm Hohlenstein-Stadel qhov tsua, los ntawm 38,000 BC, kuj tseem suav tias yog sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem txheej thaum ub no," qhia cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm University of Edinburgh.

40,000-xyoo-laus lub hnub qub daim duab qhia chaw nrog kev paub zoo ntawm hnub qub astronomy 3
Löwenmensch figurine lossis Lion-txiv neej ntawm Hohlenstein-Stadel yog cov duab puab ua ntej muaj ntxhiab nyob hauv Hohlenstein-Stadel, lub qhov tsua German xyoo 1939. Nws muaj ze li 40,000 xyoo.

Lub mlom tsis meej ntseeg tau ua kev nco txog qhov kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm lub hnub qub uas tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig 11,000 xyoo dhau los, pib lub npe hu ua Younger Dryas Event, lub sijhawm txias ntawm huab cua thoob ntiaj teb.

40,000-xyoo-laus lub hnub qub daim duab qhia chaw nrog kev paub zoo ntawm hnub qub astronomy 4
Thaum nyob ib puag ncig 12,000 xyoo, Göbekli Tepe nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj Qaib Cov Txwv tau raug suav tias yog lub tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ntau yam kev kos duab tsiaj kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov chaw ua ntej keeb kwm no, thiab 'Vulture Stone' (nqis sab xis) yog ib qho ntawm lawv.

"Hnub tau muab sau rau hauv 'Vulture Stone' ntawm Göbekli Tepe yog txhais raws li 10,950 BC, tsis pub dhau 250 xyoo, " piav qhia cov kws tshawb fawb hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb. "Hnub no tau sau siv kev npaj ua ntej ntawm kev sib npaug, nrog cov tsiaj cim uas sawv cev rau cov hnub qub uas sib haum rau xyoo plaub lub hnub qub thiab equinoxes."

xaus

Yog li, qhov kev tshawb pom zoo no nthuav tawm qhov tseeb tias tib neeg muaj kev nkag siab nyuaj ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw ntau txhiab xyoo ua ntej cov neeg Greek thaum ub, uas tau lees paub nrog thawj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm niaj hnub astronomy. Tsis tsuas yog cov no, muaj ob peb lwm yam, xws li cov Sumerian Planisphere, lub Nebra Ntuj Disk, Babylonian av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj thiab lwm yam, uas qhia txog kev paub ntau dua ntawm cov hnub qub niaj hnub no uas peb cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum ub tau txais.