ʻO nā kānakaʻepekema e noʻonoʻo i nā hōʻailona radar e hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā loko kai lalo ma lalo o ka ʻili, hiki ke kupu mai nā papa wai, ʻaʻole ka wai.
ʻO ka ʻimi i ke ola ma ka Honua Ula
Ua lilo ka ʻimi no ke ola ma ʻō aku o ka pōʻai o ka Honua i mea makaʻu nui loa no nā kilo hōkū a manaʻo ʻia ʻo Mars ka wahi nui loa no ia ʻike. Ke ola nei ke ola i ka wai wai a me nā noiʻi hou i hāpai i ka hoihoi o ka honua āpau e ka manaʻo ʻana i ke ola o nā loko kai lalo o ka Red Planet.
I kēia manawa, manaʻo kekahi ʻepekema ʻo ka hōʻailona radar i hōʻike i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai i loko o kēia mau loko i kū hohonu ma lalo o ka ʻili hiki ke kupu mai nā papa wai, ʻaʻole ka wai. ʻEkolu mau pepa i paʻi ʻia i loko o ka mahina i hala i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi ʻike hou i nā hōʻailona pohihihi, e hoʻomaloʻo ana i ke kuhiakau o nā loko.
Ma ka 2018, kahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Roberto Orosei o ka Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica o Italia i hoʻolaha i ka hōʻike e hōʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā loko kai lalo ma lalo o ka pāpale hau ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Mars. Ua aʻo ka kime i ka ʻikepili mai kahi mea kani uila ma luna o ka European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express orbiter e hōʻike ana i nā hōʻailona ʻōlinolino ma lalo o ka pāpale polar. Hiki ke unuhi ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona e like me ka wai wai, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nā ʻepekema.
Ua hoʻohana ka orbiter i nā hōʻailona radar e komo i ka pōhaku a me ka hau, i loli i ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ke hōʻike nei nā mea noiʻi ma hope o ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua ma kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua anuanu ʻaʻole nā hōʻailona mai ka wai.
Anuanu loa no nā loko
ʻ saylelo nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia manawa he nui paha kēia mau loko i nā wahi anuanu loa no ka wai e noho ai i kahi moku wai. ʻO Aditya R Khuller lāua ʻo Jeffrey J Plaut mai Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) i kālailai ʻia he 44,000 mau leo mai ke kumu o ka pāpale polar ma nā makahiki he 15 o ka nānā ʻana. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ka nui o kēia mau hōʻailona ma nā wahi kokoke i ka ʻili, kahi e anuanu ai no ka wai e noho i ka wai.
Ua hoʻokolokolo hou ʻelua mau hui ʻokoʻa i ka ʻikepili e hoʻoholo ai inā hiki i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ke hana i kēlā mau hōʻailona. ʻOiai ʻo Carver Bierson o ASU i hoʻopau i kahi noiʻi noʻonoʻo e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau mea hiki ke kumu i nā hōʻailona, e like me nā papa, ua ana ʻo Isaac Smith ma ke Kulanui ʻo York Smith i nā waiwai o smectites, kahi hui o nā pālolo i loaʻa ma Mars holoʻokoʻa.
Pālolo, ʻaʻole wai
Ua hoʻokau ʻo Smith i kekahi mau laʻana smectite, e like me nā pōhaku maʻamau akā ua hana ʻia e ka wai wai i ka wā kahiko, i loko o kahi paukū i hoʻolālā ʻia e ana i ka launa ʻana o nā hōʻailona radar me lākou. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo ia iā lākou me ka nitrogen wai, a hoʻoliʻiliʻi iā lākou i ke emi o 50 kekelē Celsius, kokoke i nā mahana i mālama ʻia ma ka hema hema o Martian. I ka manawa i paʻa ai ka hau, ua pili pono nā laʻana pōhaku i nā nānā radar i hana ʻia e ka orbiter a ka ESA Mars.
Nānā ka hui no ke kū ʻana o kēlā palolo ma Mars e hoʻohana ana i ka MRO, kahi e halihali nei i kahi mapper mineral i kapa ʻia ʻo Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer. Ua loaʻa iā lākou nā smectites e puehu wale ana ma kahi o ka pāpale hau o ka lāʻau hema. "Ua hōʻike ka hui a Smith e hiki i ka smectite paʻahau ke hana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi paʻakai maʻamau a i ʻole ka wela a aia lākou ma ka lāʻau hema," wahi a JPL.
ʻAʻole ʻo ia ka hoʻopiʻi mua
ʻO ka kuhiakau o ka loko ma lalo ka mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā maka maka o ka honua, i ka makahiki 2015 ua ʻike ʻo NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter i ka mea e like me nā kaha o ke one pulu e iho ana i nā pali, kahi hanana i kapa ʻia he "lineae slope recurring." Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i nā pūlima o nā minelala hydrated ma nā pali kahi i ʻike ʻia ai nā kahakaha pohihihi ma ka Red Planet. Ua hele a heleleʻi kēia mau kaha ʻeleʻele i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Eia nō naʻe, ke nānā hou ʻia nei, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pahupaʻikiʻi High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) o ka spacecraft, ua hōʻike ʻia i nā kahe o ka granular, kahi e heʻe ai nā one o ka lepo a me ka lepo i lalo e hana i nā kaha ʻeleʻele, ma mua o ka pouli ʻana o ka honua e ka wai e kolo ana. Aia wale nō ka hanana ma nā pali i kū pono i nā hua maloʻo e iho i ke ala a lākou e hana ai i nā alo o nā puʻu paʻa.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻoia i nā hōʻailona radar mālamalama me ka pae ʻole ʻana ma ka hema o Mars, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā noiʻi hou loa i nā wehewehe kūpono i ʻoi aku ke kūpono ma mua o ka wai wai.
