Ma kahi o 2,500 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, aia kekahi "labyrinth" nui loa ma ʻAigupita, ma nā ʻōlelo a kahi mea kākau moʻolelo Helene kaulana i ʻike ia, "ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pyramid." No nā makahiki he mau kaukani, ke hoʻomau nei ka Labyrinth Nui o ʻAigupita Nui i wahaheʻe i kēia ao, akā i kēia manawa, ke ʻeli nei nā archaeologists i ka mōʻaukala nalowale - nā hōʻailona hoʻonāukiuki o kona ola maoli.
ʻO ka Labyrinth Nui o ʻAigupita Kahiko
He hale nui ka Labyrinth Nui o ʻAigupita Kahiki, he ʻelua papa o ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma loko, he 3,000 mau keena ʻokoʻa, pili ʻokoʻa i nā alahele āpau o nā alahele paʻakikī loa i hiki ʻole i kekahi ke hele i waho me ke alakaʻi ʻole. Ma ka lalo, aia kahi pae honua i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hale kupapaʻu no nā mōʻī, a ma ka luna he kaupaku nunui i hana ʻia mai loko mai o hoʻokahi pā pōhaku nunui.
Ua wehewehe nā mea kākau kahiko he lehulehu i ka ʻike maka ʻana iā ia ma mua, akā 2,500 mau makahiki ma hope, ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou ma hea ia. ʻO ka mea kokoke loa i loaʻa iā mākou kahi pā pōhaku 300-mika ākea ākea a kekahi i manaʻo ai ʻo ia ke kahua o ka Lost Labyrinth. ʻOiai, ua nalo loa nā moʻolelo kiʻekiʻe o ke kūkulu ʻia i nā makahiki.
A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻeli a i komo i loko. Ma mua o ka hana ʻana o kekahi i loko o ka Labyrinth, ʻaʻole mākou e ʻike maopopo inā ua loaʻa maoli iā mākou kahi mea kupaianaha nui loa o ʻAigupita.
ʻO ka mea huna i hōʻike ʻia e Herodotus
Ia Herodotus, e like me ka nui o ka poʻe Helene, he ʻāina ʻo ʻAigupita i kū ʻole ka pīhoihoi a hoʻoulu i ka mahalo. He ʻāina ia o nā loina ʻē, nā mea kanu ʻē a me nā holoholona e like me ka ʻāina honua eccentric akā, ma mua o nā mea āpau, he ʻāina ia o nā hanana haku mele hoʻohiwahiwa.
Ua ʻike maka ʻo Herodotus i nā lima o nā mea kupaianaha o ko ʻAigupita me ka nalowale o Labyrinth a wehewehe pololei iā lākou. I ka puke ʻelua o kāna 'Mōʻaukala', Ua kākau ʻo Herodotus e pili ana i ka Labyrinth i ka 5th-kenekulia BC:
"ʻO kēia kaʻu i ʻike maoli ai, kahi hana ma ʻō aku o nā huaʻōlelo. No ka mea, inā e hui pū kekahi i nā hale o ko Helene a hōʻike i kā lākou hana, he mea liʻiliʻi ia i ka hana a me ka uku no kēia labyrinth. Akā ʻoi aku ka labyrinth ma mua o nā pyramids.
He ʻumikumamālua ona pā uhi - ʻeono i ka lālani e kū pono ana i ka ʻākau, ʻeono hema - nā puka o kekahi pae e kū pono ana i nā puka o kekahi. Ma loko, he ʻelua mau hale o ka hale a he ʻekolu kaukani lumi i loko o ia hale, a ʻo ka hapalua o lākou aia ma lalo o ka honua, a ʻo ka hapalua ʻē aʻe ma luna pono o lākou.
Lawe ʻia wau i loko o nā keʻena o ka papa kiʻekiʻe, no laila ʻo kaʻu e ʻōlelo ai no lākou mai kaʻu mau maka ponoʻī, akā ʻo nā mea i lalo e hiki ai iaʻu ke kamaʻilio wale nō mai ka hōʻike, no ka mea ua hōʻole ka poʻe o ʻAigupita e hōʻike iaʻu. aia i loko o lākou nā hale kupapaʻu o nā mōʻī nāna i kūkulu ka labyrinth, a me nā hale kupapaʻu o nā crocodile laʻa.
ʻO nā keʻena o luna, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ua ʻike maoli nō wau, a paʻakikī i ka manaʻo he hana na nā kāne ia; ʻO nā ala helehelena paʻakikī a paʻakikī hoʻi mai kēlā keʻena a i kēia keʻena a mai ka ʻaha a i ka ʻaha he mea kupanaha loa iaʻu, ʻoiai mākou e hele ana mai kahi pā i nā lumi, mai nā keʻena i nā hale hōʻikeʻike, mai nā hale hōʻikeʻike i nā lumi hou aku a ma laila i loko o nā pā he nui aku.
ʻO ke kaupaku o kēlā me kēia keʻena, ka pā, a me ka hale hōʻikeʻike e like me nā paia pōhaku. Uhi ʻia nā paia i nā kiʻi kālai ʻia, a kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia kēlā me kēia pā hale i ke kinikini keʻokeʻo a hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi kolone.
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ʻike ʻole ʻia kahi maoli o ka Labyrinth Nui. Ma hope o ke kipa ʻana o Herodotus i ka "legendary" Labyrinth o ʻAigupita ma kahi o 2500 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nalowale ka hale i nā noe o ka manawa.
ʻO ka ʻike a Polofesa Flinders Petrie
I ka makahiki 1888, aia paha ʻo Professor Flinders Petrie i kahi kahua maoli o ka Egypt Labyrinth ma Hawara. Ua lawa nā kumu mua i hiki ai i ka nui a me ke kuhikuhi o ka hale ke hoʻoholo paʻa ʻia. ʻO ka Labyrinth ma kahi o 304 mau mika ka lōʻihi a 244 mau mika ākea. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua lawa ia e paʻa i nā luakini nui o Karnak a me Luxor!
Hawara: ʻO ka pyramid o Paraʻo Amenemhat III
ʻO Amenemhat III ke aliʻi mana hope loa o ka 12th Dynasty, a ʻo ka pyramid āna i kūkulu ai ma Hawara, i ka 19 kenekulia BC, ua manaʻo ʻia ma hope o ka lā i kapa ʻia ʻo "Black Pyramid" i kūkulu ʻia e ka luna hoʻokahi ma Dahshur. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo kēia ko ʻAmelemhet wahi hoʻomaha loa. Ma Hawara aia kekahi hale kupapaʻu paʻa (pyramid) o Neferu-Ptah, ke kaikamahine a Amenemhet III. Ua loaʻa kēia hale kupapaʻu ma kahi o 2 km ma ka hema o ka piramida a ke aliʻi.
ʻO ka luakini hale make nui e kū kokoke ana i kēia pyramid i manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu o ka hale o nā hale me nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me nā pā hale i kapa ʻia ʻo "labyrinth" na Herodotus, a ʻōlelo ʻia e Strabo lāua ʻo Diodorus Siculus.
ʻO Dahshur: ʻO ka Pyramid ʻEleʻele a me ka Pyramidion
Ua kūkulu ʻia ka Pyramid ʻEleʻele e King Amenemhat III (1860-1814 BC) ma ke Aupuni Waena o ʻAigupita (2055–1650 BC). ʻO ia kekahi o nā pyramid ʻelima i koe o nā pyramid he ʻumikūmākahi kumu ma Dahshur ma ʻAigupita. Inoa inoa "He mana ʻo Amenemhet," ua loaʻa ka pyramid i ka inoa "Pyramid ʻEleʻele" no kona ʻano pouli, pala e like me kahi puʻu ʻōpala.
ʻOiai ʻo ka pyramid kahiko i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAigupita i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi o 2630 BC ma Saqqara, no ka mōʻīʻekolu aliʻi King Djoser, ʻo ka Pyramid ʻEleʻele ka mea mua ma ʻAigupita i hoʻokipa i ka pharaoh make a me kāna mau mōʻī wahine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kanu ʻia ʻo Paraʻo Amenemhat III ma aneʻi. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma Hawara pyramid, ke kū kaʻao ka Labyrinth kaʻao me kēia.
ʻO ka pyramidion, ʻo ia ka pōhaku o ka pyramid a i ʻole obelisk, i uhi ʻia me nā kahakaha a me nā hōʻailona hoʻomana. Ua wili ʻia kekahi o kēia mau mea, alakaʻi i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia o ka pyramidion a i ʻole hoʻohaumia ʻia i ke au o Akhenaten.
ʻO Pyramidion, ʻo ia ka pōhaku kiʻekiʻe o kahi pyramid a i ʻole obelisk, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka pōhaku Benben. I loko o nā kaʻao o ka hana Heliopolitan o ka hoʻomana kahiko o ʻAigupita, ʻo Benben ka puʻu i kū aʻe mai ka wai primordial Nu kahi i noho ai ke akua mea hana Atum.
ʻO ka pōhaku Benben kumu, kapa ʻia ma hope o ka puʻu, he pōhaku kapu ia ma ka luakini o Ra ma Heliopolis. ʻO ia kahi kahi i hāʻule ai nā kukuna mua o ka lā. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka prototype no nā obelisks ma hope a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā capstones o nā pyramid nui i kāna hoʻolālā.
ka ʻO ke akua manu ʻo Bennu, ka mea paha i hāpai i ka manu make ʻole ʻo Phoenix, ua hoʻohanohano ʻia ma Heliopolis, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia e noho ana ma ka pōhaku Benben a i ʻole ma ka lāʻau wilou laʻa. ʻO nā pōhaku Benben he nui, kālai pinepine ʻia me nā kiʻi a me nā kahakaha, i loaʻa i nā hale hōʻikeʻike a puni ka honua, a ʻo ka pyramidion o ka "Black Pyramid" kekahi o lākou.
Nalo ʻo ʻAigupita Labyrinth - nā ʻike hou
Me nā koena ʻole i ʻike ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia ka moʻolelo o ka Labyrinth Aigupita Nui he moʻolelo wale nō i hoʻoili ʻia e nā hanauna a hiki i ka wehe ʻana o Egyptologist Flinders Petrie i kāna "kumu" i ka hopena o 1880, e alakaʻi ana i ka poʻe loea i nā kumumanaʻo i hoʻopau ʻia ka labyrinth ma lalo o ke au o Ptolemy. II, a ua hana mua e kūkulu i ke kūlanakauhale kokoke iā Shedyt e hoʻohanohano i kāna wahine ʻo Arsinoe.
Akā, i ka 2008, ua hana ka poʻe kālaiʻike i ka Mataha Expedition i kahi mea kupaianaha ma lalo o ke one. Ke nānā lākou i nā ʻāpana o ke kahua ma Hawara ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi manaʻo ikaika o nā keʻena paʻakikī a me nā paia he mau mika ka mānoanoa ma lalo o ka papa i kahi hohonu hohonu.
Ua hōʻoia nā hōʻike o ka pūʻulu noiʻi aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona archeological i ka hema o ka pyramid Hawara o Amenemhat III. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka scannings i nā paia kū ʻo ka awelika mānoanoa o kekahi mau mika, i hoʻopili ʻia e hana i nā lumi i pani ʻia.
Panina
Ua kipa ʻia ka Labyrinth Nui o ʻAigupita Kahiki a ʻike maka maka ʻia e nā mea kākau moʻolelo nui o nā millennia i hala aku nei, akā i ka hopena, ua nalowale i ke one o ka wao akua a ʻike ʻole ʻia kona kino ma mua o 2,500 mau makahiki.
I kēia kenekulia 21, ua wehe mākou i nā wahi neoneo ma lalo, aia kahi Labyrinth o lalo e like me ka mea kākau kahiko i wehewehe ʻia. Akā ʻo Labyrinth Nui maoli ia o ʻAigupita Kahiki ʻaʻole paha i uhi ʻia i kahi mea pohihihi mōʻaukala enigmatic.
