ʻO ka poʻe polū o Kenetuke - kahi ʻohana mai ka mōʻaukala o Ketucky i hānau nui ʻia me kahi maʻi laha ʻole a ʻano ʻē hoʻi i hoʻohuli i ko lākou ʻili i uliuli.
Ma kahi o ʻelua mau kenekulia, ua noho ka "ʻili polū ʻili o ka ʻohana Fugate" ma nā wahi o Troublesome Creek a me Ball Creek ma nā puʻu o ka hikina ʻo Kentucky. Ua hala lākou i ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa mai kēlā hanauna i kēia hanauna, e waiho kaʻawale loa ana mai ka honua waho. Ua kaulana lākou ma ka inoa ʻo "Blue People of Kentucky."
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka Blue People of Kentucky
Aia he mau moʻolelo like ʻelua e pili ana i ke kāne ʻĀlani ʻeleʻele i kēlā ʻohana Kentucky. Eia nō naʻe, koi like lāua ʻelua i ka inoa like, ʻo "Martin Fugate" ke kanaka ʻuli ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a he kāne hānau hānau Palani ʻo ia kahi keiki makua ʻole a ma hope noho i kona ʻohana ma kahi kokoke i Hazard, Kentucky, i ka United States.
I kēlā mau lā, ʻo kēia ʻāina hikina o Kentucky kahi ʻāina mamao loa kahi i noho ai ko Martin ʻohana a me nā ʻohana kokoke. ʻAʻohe alanui, a ʻaʻole hiki i kahi ala kaʻaahi i kēlā ʻāpana o ka mokuʻāina a hiki i nā 1910 mua. No laila, ʻo ka male ma waena o nā ʻohana kahi hana maʻamau i waena o ka poʻe e noho ana ma kēlā ʻaneʻane kaʻawale o Kentucky.
Hele mai nā moʻolelo ʻelua me ke kaʻina like akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō i loaʻa iā mākou i kā lākou kaʻina manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi:
ʻO ka moʻolelo mua o ka Blue People of Kentucky
ʻLelo kēia moʻolelo ua noho ʻo Martin Fugate i ka wā o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa i male iā Elizabeth Smith, kahi wahine mai kahi ʻohana kokoke mai a ka poʻe Fugates i male ai. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua like ia me ke keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo e like me ka laurel mauna e pua i kēlā me kēia puna ma nā wahi o nā kahawai a ʻo ia pū kekahi e lawe i kēia maʻi ʻili uliuli o ka ʻili. Ua kūkulu ʻo Martin lāua ʻo Elizabeth i ka mālama hale ma ke kapa o Troublesome a hoʻomaka i ko lāua ʻohana. ʻO kā lākou keiki ʻehiku, ʻehā i hōʻike ʻia he uliuli.
Ma hope, ua male ʻo Fugates iā Fugates. I kekahi manawa ua male lākou i nā hoahānau mua a me ka poʻe i noho kokoke iā lākou. Hoʻonui mau ka ʻohana. ʻO ka hopena, ua hānau ʻia nā mamo he nui o ka Fugates me kēia maʻi genetics ʻili polū a hoʻomau e noho i nā wahi a puni ʻo Troublesome Creek a me Ball Creek i ke kenekulia 20.
ʻO ka moʻolelo ʻelua o ka Poʻe Blue o Kentucky
ʻOiai, ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi moʻolelo ʻekolu mau mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Martin Fugate i ka lāʻau Fugates Family. Ma hope ua noho lākou ma waena o 1700 a me 1850, a ʻo ka mea ʻalani polū ʻili ka mea mua i noho i ka hopena o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāwalu a i ʻole 1750 ma hope. Ua male ʻo ia iā Mary Wells ʻo ia ka mea lawe i kēia maʻi.
I kēia moʻolelo ʻelua, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Martin Fugate i ka moʻolelo mua i noho i ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa kenekulia a male iā Elizabeth Smith ʻaʻole ia he kanaka ʻili polū. Eia nō naʻe, noho mau ke ʻano o Elizabeth, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea nāna i lawe i kēia maʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka moʻolelo mua, a ʻo ke koena o ka moʻolelo ʻelua e like me ka moʻolelo mua.
He aha ka mea i hana ʻia i ka poʻe ʻili polū o Troublesome Creek?
Noho kupaianaha nā Fugates a pau no 85-90 mau makahiki me ka ʻole o nā maʻi a i ʻole nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe koe wale nō kēia maʻi ʻalani polū nāna i hoʻopilikia loa i ko lākou nohona. Hilahila maoli lākou i ka uliuli. Aia nā manaʻo i loko o nā lua e pili ana i ka polū o ka poʻe polū: ka maʻi puʻuwai, kahi maʻi pūhū, ka manawa kūpono i hāpai ʻia e kekahi ʻelemakule "ʻo ko lākou koko kokoke iki i ko lākou ʻili." Akā ʻaʻohe mea i maopopo leʻa, a kākaʻikahi nā kauka e kipa aku i nā wahi kahawai mamao loa kahi o ka hapa nui o nā "Blue Fugates" i noho ai a hiki i nā makahiki 1950.
ʻO ia ka manawa i hele aku ai ʻelua mau Fugates iā Madison Cawein III, he ʻōpio hematologist ma ke keʻena lapaʻau o ke Kulanui o Kentucky i kēlā manawa, e ʻimi nei i kahi lāʻau.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka noiʻi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai kāna aʻo ʻana ma mua o kaʻawale nā heluna Alaskan Eskimo, Ua hiki iā Cawein ke hoʻopau i ka lawe ʻana o ka poʻe Fugates i kahi maʻi koko hereditary laha ʻole i kumu ʻia ka nui o nā methemoglobin i loko o kā lākou koko. Kāhea ʻia kēia ʻano Methemoglobinemia.
Methemoglobin ʻO ia kahi mana polū nonunctional o ka protein hemoglobin ʻulaʻula olakino e lawe ana i ka oxygen. I ka hapa nui o nā Caucasians, hōʻike ka hemoglobin ʻulaʻula o ke koko i ko lākou kino ma o ko lākou ʻili e hāʻawi ana iā ia i kahi aniani ʻalani.
I loko o kāna noiʻi, methylene polū lele i ka manaʻo o Cawein ma ke ʻano he "antidote" maopopo leʻa. Ua manaʻo kekahi o ka poʻe polū ua addled iki ke kauka no ka ʻōlelo ʻana e hiki i ka pena polū ke poni iā lākou. Akā ua ʻike ʻo Cawein mai nā noiʻi mua i loaʻa i ke kino kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka methemoglobin i mea maʻamau. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana he pono ia e hoʻohui i ke koko i kahi mea hana ma ke ʻano he "electron donor." Hana nā mea he nui i kēia, akā ua koho ʻo Cawein i ka methylene polū no ka mea ua hoʻohana kūleʻa a palekana ʻia i nā hihia ʻē aʻe a no ka mea ke hana wikiwiki.
Ua ʻoki ʻo Cawein i kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻili polū me 100 mau milligrams o ka methylene polū, i hoʻomāmā i ko lākou mau ʻōuli a hoʻemi i ka pena polū o ko lākou ʻili i loko o kekahi mau minuke. No ka manawa mua i ko lākou ola, ʻalani a hauʻoli lākou. A hāʻawi ʻo Cawein i kēlā me kēia ʻohana polū i kahi papa o nā papa polū methylene e lawe i pilila no kēlā me kēia lā no ka mea he manawa pōkole nā hopena o ka lāʻau, no ka mea, excreted ka methylene polū i ka mimi. Ua paʻi ʻo Cawein i kāna noiʻi ma ka Archives of Internal Medicine (ʻApelila 1964) i ka 1964.
Ma hope o ke kenekulia 20, i ka maʻalahi o ka huakaʻi a hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻohana ma nā wahi ākea, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka laha o ka gen recessive i ka heluna kanaka kūloko, a me ia ka hiki ke hoʻoilina i ka maʻi.
ʻO Benjamin Stacy ka moʻopuna hope loa i ʻike ʻia na Fugates i hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1975 me kēia ʻano polū o ka ʻohana Blue o Kentucky a ua nalowale kona ʻili polū i kona ʻelemakule ʻana. ʻOiai i kēia lā ua nalowale ʻo Beniamina a me ka hapanui o nā pua Fugate o kā lākou kala kala, puka mau ke kele i ko lākou ʻili ke anuanu a pīpī paha me ka huhū.
Ua hōʻike ʻo Kauka Madison Cawein i kahi moʻolelo piha piha e pili ana i ka hoʻoilina o ka Fugates i ka maʻi ʻili polū, e hāpai ana i ka genes methemoglobinemia (met-H) recessive mai kēlā hanauna i kēia hanauna, a pehea kāna hana ʻana i kāna noiʻi ma laila ma Kenetuke. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia moʻolelo kupaianaha maanei.
ʻO kekahi mau hihia like
Aia kekahi mau hihia ʻelua o ke kanaka ʻalani polū ma muli o ka methaemoglobinaemia, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "nā kāne polū o Lurgan". He mau kāne Lurgan lāua e ʻehaʻeha nei i ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e like me "familial idiopathic methaemoglobinaemia", a ua mālama ʻia e Dr. James Deeny i ka makahiki 1942. Ua kauoha ʻo Deeny i kahi papa o ka ascorbic acid a me ka sodium bicarbonate. I ka hihia mua, i ka walu o ka lā o ka mālama ʻana, ua loli ke ʻano o ka helehelena, a i ka lā ʻumikūmālua o ka mālama ʻana, maʻamau ka ʻili o ka mea maʻi. I ka lua o ka hihia, ua hōʻea ka ʻili o ka mea maʻi i ka maʻamau ma kahi o ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana.
Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā i hiki ai i ko mākou ʻili ke huli hina a polū a ʻona nui ia i nā kānaka?
Aia kekahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo Argyria a i ʻole hoʻopaʻapaʻa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Blue Man Syndrome," i kumu ʻia e ka hōʻike nui ʻana i nā hui kemika o ka ʻāpana kālā a lepo paha o ka lepo. ʻO ka ʻōuli nui loa o Argyria ka huli ʻana o ka ʻili i ka bluish-purple a i ʻole ka poni-hina.
I loko o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, ʻo ke komo ʻana a me ka huki ʻana i ke kālā i nā mea he nui ma kahi o ka wā lōʻihi e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka hōʻiliʻili lohi o nā hui kālā i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino e hiki ai i kekahi mau ʻili o ka ʻili a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e huli hina a polū hina paha.
ʻO ka poʻe e hana ana i nā hale hana e hana ana i nā huahana kālā hiki ke hanu i ke kālā a i ʻole nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kālā i kekahi mau mīkini lāʻau no kona ʻano anti-microbial. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo Argyria kahi ola olakino hoʻoweliweli a hiki ke mālama ʻia ma o nā lāʻau. Akā ʻo ka lawe nui ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā mea hoʻohui kemika hiki ke make a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i nā pilikia olakino no laila e akahele pinepine mākou e hana i kekahi mea e like me kēia.
Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana e pili ana i ka “The Blue Of Kentucky,” heluhelu e pili ana "ʻO ke kaikamahine Bionic UK ʻo Olivia Farnsworth ka mea manaʻo ʻole i ka pōloli a i ʻole ʻeha."
