Asirin tsohuwar Masar ta ci gaba da jan hankalin mutane a duk faɗin duniya. Alamun pyramids, hieroglyphs masu rikitarwa, kuma hadaddun al'adun binnewa sun dauki tunanin masana kimiyya da masana tarihi shekaru da yawa.
Yanzu, tare da taimakon fasahar ci gaba, za mu iya hango yadda mutane daga wancan lokacin suka kasance a zahiri. A watan Satumba na 2021, masana kimiyya sun bayyana sake gina fuskokin wasu mutane uku da suka rayu a tsohuwar Masar fiye da shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata ta hanyar fasahar dijital, wanda ya ba mu damar ganin su kamar yadda suke yi lokacin da suke da shekaru 25.
Wannan cikakken tsari, wanda ya dogara da bayanan DNA da aka ciro daga nasu ragowar mummified, ya ba masu bincike sabon taga a cikin rayuwar Masarawa na da.
Mummyn sun fito ne daga Abusir el-Meleq, wani tsohon birnin Masar a kan wani tudu da ke kudancin birnin Alkahira, kuma an binne su a tsakanin shekara ta 1380 BC zuwa AD 425. Masana kimiyya a Cibiyar nazarin tarihin dan Adam ta Max Planck da ke Tübingen, Jamus. jerin DNA na mummies a cikin 2017; shi ne nasarar farko na sake gina kwayar halittar mummy ta Masar.
Masu bincike a Parabon NanoLabs, a DNA Kamfanin fasaha a Reston, Virginia, ya yi amfani da bayanan kwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan 3D na fuskokin mummies ta hanyar yin amfani da fasahar DNA phenotyping, wanda ke amfani da nazarin kwayoyin halitta don hango yanayin yanayin fuska da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin jikin mutum.
"Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka gudanar da cikakken tsarin halittar DNA akan DNA na dan Adam na wannan zamani," in ji wakilan Parabon a cikin wata sanarwa. Parabon ya bayyana fuskokin mummies a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 2021, a taron taron kasa da kasa karo na 32 kan tantance dan Adam a Orlando, Florida.
Hoton hoto, kayan aiki na phenotyping da masana kimiyya suka kirkira, an yi amfani da shi don tantance asalin asalin mutum, launin fata, da yanayin fuskarsa. A cewar sanarwar, Mutanen suna da fata mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu idanu da gashi; Halittar halittarsu ta kasance kusa da na mutanen zamani a Bahar Rum ko Gabas ta Tsakiya fiye da na Masarawa na zamani.
Daga nan ne masu binciken suka ƙirƙiri ƙugiya na 3D waɗanda ke zayyana yanayin fuskar mummies, da kuma taswirorin zafi waɗanda ke nuna bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mutane uku tare da tace bayanan kowace fuska. Daga nan sai mai zane-zane na Parabon ya haɗu da sakamakon tare da tsinkayar Snapshot game da fata, ido, da launin gashi.
A cewar Ellen Greytak, darektan Parabon na bioinformatics, yana aiki tare da DNA na ɗan adam na iya zama ƙalubale don dalilai guda biyu: DNA sau da yawa yana raguwa sosai, kuma yawanci ana haɗe shi da DNA na kwayan cuta. "Tsakanin waɗannan abubuwa guda biyu, adadin DNA ɗin ɗan adam da ke samuwa ga jerin zai iya zama kaɗan sosai," in ji Greytak.
Masana kimiyya ba sa buƙatar cikakken kwayar halitta don samun hoton jikin mutum saboda yawancin DNA na kowa ne. Maimakon haka, kawai suna buƙatar bincika wasu takamaiman tabo a cikin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda suka bambanta tsakanin mutane, waɗanda aka sani da guda ɗaya nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A cewar Greytak, yawancin waɗannan lambobin SNPs don bambance-bambancen jiki tsakanin mutane.
Koyaya, akwai yanayi lokacin da tsohuwar DNA ba ta ƙunshi isassun SNPs don nuna takamaiman halaye ba. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, masana kimiyya na iya fitar da abubuwan da suka ɓace daga ƙimar SNPs da ke kewaye, a cewar Janet Cady, masanin kimiyyar halittu na Parabon.
Kididdigar da aka lissafta daga dubban kwayoyin halitta sun nuna yadda kowane SNP ke da alaƙa da maƙwabcin da ba ya nan, in ji Cady. Masu binciken za su iya ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga game da abin da ya ɓace SNP. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a kan waɗannan tsoffin mummies kuma za su iya taimaka wa masana kimiyya su sake gina fuskoki don gano gawawwakin zamani.
Ya zuwa yanzu, tara daga cikin kusan cututtukan sanyi 175 da masu bincike na Parabon suka taimaka wajen magance ta hanyar amfani da tsarin asali an yi nazari ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin daga wannan binciken.
Yana da ban sha'awa sosai ganin an dawo da waɗannan mutane zuwa rayuwa bayan shekaru 2,000 ta hanyar amfani da bayanan DNA da fasahar zamani.
Daki-daki da daidaito na sake ginawa suna da ban mamaki da gaske, kuma muna farin cikin ganin yadda ci gaban fasaha na gaba zai iya taimaka mana mu fahimta sosai. kakanninmu na da.
More bayanai: Parabon® Yana Maimaita Fuskokin Mummy na Masar daga tsohuwar DNA
