Gano burbushin halittu baya gushewa yana ba mu mamaki, kuma masana kimiyya sun sake yin wani bincike mai ban mamaki. Masu bincike sun bayyana fuskar wani dan amfibian kafin tarihi da aka yiwa lakabi da ''killer tadpole'' wanda ya rayu sama da shekaru miliyan 300 da suka wuce, tun kafin dinosaur. Da tsayin daka har zuwa ƙafa 10, wannan halitta ta kasance babban mafarauci a muhallinta, tana amfani da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi wajen ciyar da ƙananan dabbobi da kwari. Gano wannan halitta mai ban tsoro yana ba da sabon haske kan tarihin rayuwa a duniya, kuma yana buɗe kofofin sabon bincike da fahimtar abubuwan da duniyarmu ta gabata.
Ta hanyar haɗa guntuwar kwanyar daɗaɗɗen kwanyar, masana kimiyya sun sake gina fuskar wata halitta mai kama da kada mai shekaru miliyan 330, ta bayyana ba wai kawai yadda take ba amma har da yadda ta rayu.
Masana kimiyya sun sani game da batattu nau'in, Crassigyrinus scoticus, har tsawon shekaru goma. Amma saboda duk sanannen burbushin dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar dabbar sun mutu sosai, yana da wuya a sami ƙarin bayani game da shi. Yanzu, ci gaban da aka samu a na'urar daukar hoto (CT) da kuma hangen nesa na 3D sun ba masu bincike damar yin lambobi ta hanyar lambobi tare a karon farko, suna bayyana ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da tsohuwar dabbar.
Binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa Crassigyrinus scoticus tetrapod ne, dabba mai kafa huɗu da ke da alaƙa da halittu na farko don canzawa daga ruwa zuwa ƙasa. Tetrapods ya fara bayyana a duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 400 da suka wuce, lokacin da farkon tetrapods ya fara tasowa daga kifin da aka yi da lobe.
Ba kamar danginsa ba, duk da haka, binciken da ya gabata ya samo Crassigyrinus scoticus dabbar ruwa ce. Wannan ko dai domin kakanninsa sun dawo daga ƙasa zuwa ruwa, ko kuma don tun farko ba su taɓa yin ƙasa ba. Madadin haka, ta rayu a cikin gulmar kwal - wuraren dausayi wanda sama da miliyoyin shekaru zasu zama shagunan kwal - a cikin yankin Scotland a yanzu da sassan Arewacin Amurka.
Sabon binciken da masana kimiyya suka gudanar a kwalejin jami'ar London, ya nuna cewa dabbar tana da manya-manyan hakora da muƙamuƙi masu ƙarfi. Kodayake sunansa yana nufin "tadpole mai kauri," binciken ya nuna Crassigyrinus scoticus yana da lebur jiki da gajeriyar gaɓoɓi, kama da kada ko algator.
"A rayuwa, Crassigyrinus zai kasance kusan mita biyu zuwa uku (6.5 zuwa 9.8 ƙafa) tsayi, wanda ya yi girma sosai a lokacin," in ji marubucin binciken Laura Porro, malami a fannin ilimin halitta da ci gaba a Jami'ar College London, in ji wata sanarwa. "Da wataƙila ya yi kama da crocodiles na zamani, yana fakewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa kuma yana amfani da cizonsa mai ƙarfi don kama ganima."
Crassigyrinus scoticus Hakanan an daidaita shi don farautar ganima a cikin ƙasa mai fadama. Sabon gyaran fuska ya nuna yana da manyan idanuwa don gani a cikin ruwan laka, da kuma layukan gefe, tsarin azanci da ke baiwa dabbobi damar gano girgizar da ke cikin ruwa.
Ko da yake an san da yawa game da su Crassigyrinus scoticus, Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna mamakin gibin da ke kusa da gaban hancin dabbar. A cewar Porro, ratar na iya nuna cewa scoticus yana da wasu hankula don taimaka masa farauta. Wataƙila yana da abin da ake kira rostral organ wanda ya taimaka wa halitta gano filayen lantarki, in ji Porro. A madadin, scoticus zai iya samun sashin jiki na Jacobson, wanda ke samuwa a cikin dabbobi kamar macizai kuma yana taimakawa wajen gano sinadarai daban-daban.
A cikin binciken farko, Porro ya ce, masana kimiyya sun sake ginawa Crassigyrinus scoticus mai dogo mai tsayi sosai, kwatankwacin na Moray eel. "Duk da haka, lokacin da na yi ƙoƙarin yin kwaikwayi wannan siffar tare da sararin dijital daga CT scans, kawai bai yi aiki ba," in ji Porro. "Babu wata dama da dabba mai faffadan baki da irin wannan kunkuntar rufin kwanyar zai iya samun kai irin wannan."
Sabon binciken ya nuna cewa dabbar ta kasance da kwanyar kwanyar kwatankwacin siffar kada na zamani. Don sake gina yadda dabbar ta kasance, ƙungiyar ta yi amfani da CT scans daga samfurori guda huɗu daban-daban kuma suka yanki fayayyun burbushin tare don bayyana fuskarta.
"Da zarar mun gano dukkanin kasusuwa, ya kasance kamar wasan 3D-jigsaw wuyar warwarewa," in ji Porro. "Nakan fara ne da ragowar akwati na kwakwalwa, saboda hakan zai zama ginshikin kwanyar, sa'an nan kuma sai a hada baki a kusa da shi."
Tare da sababbin sake ginawa, masu bincike suna yin gwaji tare da nau'i-nau'i na simintin sinadarai don ganin abin da zai iya yi.
An fara buga binciken a cikin Jaridar Paleontology na Vertebrate. Mayu 02, 2023.
