A kowane lokaci, abubuwa masu ban sha'awa suna zuwa a kan tebur na fiye da fahimtarmu. Babban Newton Stone na ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kayan tarihi. Wannan tsohon monolith yana da saƙon sassaƙa da aka rubuta cikin yare mai ban mamaki wanda ba a warware shi ba tukuna, kuma ana iya karanta rubutun ta amfani da aƙalla tsoffin haruffa biyar daban-daban.
An buɗe Newton Stone
A cikin 1804 Earl na Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, yana gina hanya kusa da Pitmachie Farm a Aberdeenshire. An sami megalith mai ban mamaki a wurin, kuma masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi na Scotland Alexander Gordon daga baya ya motsa shi zuwa lambun Newton House a cikin Parish na Culsalmond, kusan mil mil arewa da gonar Pitmachie. An kwatanta Dutsen Newton kamar haka ta Majalisar Aberdeenshire na Gidan Newton:
Rubutun da ba a sani ba
An rubuta harshen Irish na farko tare da haruffan Ogham tsakanin ƙarni na 1st da 9th. Gajeren layi na rubutu akan Dutsen Newton yana baje ko'ina cikin saman ukun dutsen. Yana da layi shida tare da haruffa 48 da alamomi, gami da swastika. Masana ilimi ba su taɓa gano ko wane yare ne za su rubuta wannan saƙon ba, don haka ake kiran sa rubutun da ba a sani ba.
Yawancin masana sun yarda cewa dogon rubutun Ogham daga dadewa ne. Misali, rubutun da ba a san shi ba ana tsammanin ya fito ne daga karni na 9 na masanin tarihin Scotland William Forbes Skene. Duk da haka, masana tarihi da yawa sun tabbatar da cewa an ƙara ɗan gajeren layin a cikin dutse a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas ko farkon karni na 19, yana nuna cewa rubutun da ba a san shi ba labari ne na kwanan nan ko kuma rashin aikin jabu.
Fahimtar Dutse
John Pinkerton ya fara rubuta game da ban mamaki zane-zane a kan Dutsen Newton a cikin littafinsa na 1814 Inquiry into the Story of Scotland, amma bai yi ƙoƙari ya gano abin da "rubutun da ba a sani ba" ya ce.
A cikin 1822, John Stuart, farfesa na Girkanci a Kwalejin Marischal, ya rubuta takarda mai suna Sculpture Pillars a Arewacin Sashen Scotland na Edinburgh Society of Antiquaries. A ciki, ya yi magana game da ƙoƙarin fassara na Charles Vallancey, wanda ya yi tunanin haruffan Latin ne.
Dokta William Hodge Mill (1792–1853) ɗan cocin Ingilishi ne kuma ɗan gabas, shugaban farko na Kwalejin Bishop, Calcutta, sannan daga baya Regius Farfesa na Ibrananci a Cambridge. A cikin 1856, Stuart ya ba da Dutsen Sculptured na Scotland, wanda ya bayyana aikin Mill.
Dokta Mills ya ce rubutun da ba a san shi ba na Finisiya ne. Domin an san shi sosai a fagen harsuna na dā, mutane sun ɗauki ra’ayinsa da muhimmanci. Sun yi magana sosai game da shi, musamman a wani taro na Ƙungiyar Birtaniya a Cambridge, Ingila, a 1862.
Ko da yake Dr. Mill ya mutu a shekara ta 1853, an sami takardarsa akan Decipherment of the Phoenician Inscribed on the Newton Stone a Aberdeenshire, kuma an karanta canjinsa na rubutun da ba a san shi ba yayin wannan muhawara. Malamai da yawa sun yarda da Mill cewa an rubuta rubutun a cikin Phoenician. Misali, Dr. Nathan Davis ya gano Carthage, kuma Farfesa Aufrecht ya yi tunanin an rubuta rubutun da harshen Finisiya.
Amma Mista Thomas Wright, mai shakka, ya ba da shawarar fassara mafi sauƙi a cikin ɓatancin Latin: Hie iacet Constantinus Anan ne aka binne ɗansa. Mista Vaux na gidan tarihi na Biritaniya ya amince da shi a matsayin Latin na da. Masanin littafin tarihin Constantine Simonides shima ya yarda da fassarar Wright, amma ya canza Latin zuwa Hellenanci.
Shekaru uku bayan wannan bala'i, a shekara ta 1865, Alexander Thomson, tsohon masanin tarihi, ya ba da jawabi ga Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, inda ya yi magana game da fitattun ka'idoji guda biyar game da yadda ake zana lambar:
- Finisiya (Nathan Davis, Theodor Aufrecht, da William Mills);
- Latin (Thomas Wright da William Vaux);
- Alamar Gnostic (John O. Westwood)
- Girkanci (Constantine Simonides)
- Gaelic (Wakilin Thomson wanda bai so a ambaci sunansa ba);
Ka'idodin fringe suna da yawa!
Yayin da wannan rukunin ƙwararru suka yi gardama game da abin da rubutu a kan Dutsen Newton yake nufi da kuma wanne daga cikin harsuna biyar masu yiwuwa aka yi amfani da su wajen rubuta saƙon da ba a sani ba, ƙungiyar masu bincike daban-daban sun ci gaba da fito da sabbin dabaru. Alal misali, Mista George Moore ya ba da shawarar a fassara shi zuwa Ibrananci-Bactrian, yayin da wasu suka kwatanta shi da Sinaitic, tsohon yaren Kan’ana.
Laftanar Kanar Laurence Austine Waddell ya kasance mai bincike na Burtaniya, farfesa a fannin Tibet, ilmin sinadarai, da ilimin cututtuka, kuma masanin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi mai son binciken Sumerian da Sanskrit. A cikin 1924, Waddell ya buga ra'ayinsa game da Out of India, wanda ya haɗa da sabuwar hanya ta karanta harshen da ake kira Hitto-Phoenician.
Littattafan da Waddell ya rubuta game da tarihin wayewa sun shahara sosai a wurin jama'a. A yau, wasu mutane suna la'akari da shi ainihin abin da ya sa masanin ilimin kimiya na almara Indiana Jones ya ba shi, amma aikinsa ba shi da daraja a matsayinsa na ƙwararren Assyriologist.
Kammalawa
A yau, ra'ayoyi da yawa suna ƙoƙarin gano abin da saƙo mai ban mamaki a kan Dutsen Newton yake nufi. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ka'idodin sun ƙasƙantar da Latin, Latin na tsakiya, Girkanci, Gaelic, alamar Gnostic, Ibrananci-Bactrian, Hitto-Phoenician, Sinaitic, da Tsohon Irish. Koyaya, waɗannan ra'ayoyin har yanzu ba a tabbatar da su daidai ba. Wannan karshen mako, yakamata ku baiwa Newton Stone sa'a guda tunda ba zai zama karo na farko da wani baƙo ya sami maɓalli ga tsohuwar matsala ba.
