Masana kimiyya sun dade suna ganin cewa wata ya samo asali ne daga tarkacen da aka bari a baya bayan da wata duniya mai girman Mars mai suna Theia (wanda aka fi sani da "Thea") ta yi karo da Duniya. An yarda da wannan lamari mai ban tsoro a matsayin babban bayani kan yadda duniya ta samu tauraron dan adam, amma har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa da ba mu sani ba game da wannan lokacin mai kuzari a tarihin duniyarmu.
Lokacin da 'yan sama jannati na Apollo suka binciko duniyar wata, sun sami wasu ban mamaki duwatsu da kamar ba su da wuri. Waɗannan gutsuttsuran ɓangarorin an san su da duwatsun “blue-loop” saboda bambancin launin shuɗi-koren su da kamannin madauki lokacin da aka duba su a ƙarƙashin girma.
An fara gano wadannan duwatsun na musamman a duniyar wata ta hanyar ‘yan sama jannati a lokacin aikin Apollo 14 a shekarar 1971. Tun daga wannan lokacin ne masana kimiyya suka gano irin wadannan samfurori a wasu wurare daban-daban na duniyar wata. Amma ainihin abin da suke, da kuma inda suka fito, ya kasance a ɓoye.
A watan Janairun 2019, masana kimiyya a Ostiraliya sun yi wani bincike mai ban mamaki, inda suka bayyana cewa gungun dutsen da ma'aikatan jirgin Apollo 14 suka dawo da su daga doron kasa ne.
Masanan sun bayyana a wata kasida da aka buga a mujallar Earth and Planetary Science Letters cewa dutsen mai yiwuwa ya kasance wani bangare na tarkacen da aka jefowa duniyar wata daga doron kasa sakamakon wani asteroid da ya yi karo da duniyarmu ta biliyoyin shekaru a baya.
An tattaro duwatsun ne a lokacin aikin Apollo 14, wanda aka harba a shekarar 1971 kuma shi ne karo na uku a sararin samaniya da aka yi nasarar sauka a duniyar wata. Alan Shepard, Stuart Roosa, da Edgar Mitchell sun shafe kwanaki masu yawa suna kewaya duniyar wata suna yin gwaje-gwajen kimiyya da lura, yayin da Shepard da Mitchell suka shiga cikin tafiyar sa'o'i 33 a sararin samaniyar duniyar wata.
Bugu da kari, 'yan sama jannatin sun dawo da kimanin kilogiram 42 na duwatsu. Wannan tarin tarkacen wata ya kawo mana bayanai masu tarin yawa game da halittar wata da juyin halittar wata.
Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan kan wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwa, ya nuna cewa aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin duwatsun da Shepard da Mitchell suka tara na iya samo asali ne daga doron ƙasa.
A cewar Farfesa Alexander Nemchin na Makarantar Duniya da Kimiyyar Duniya ta Jami'ar Curtin da ke Yammacin Ostiraliya, halittar daya daga cikin duwatsun wata ya yi kama da granite, wanda ke da adadi mai yawa na quartz a ciki. Yayin da quartz ya zama ruwan dare a Duniya, yana da matukar wahala a gano shi akan wata.
Bugu da ƙari, masanan sun yi nazarin zircon da ke cikin dutsen, wani ma'adinan da ke cikin rukuni na neo-silicates da ke cikin duniya da wata. Sun lura cewa zircon da aka gano a cikin dutsen yayi daidai da sifofin ƙasa amma ba wani abu da aka gano a baya a cikin kayan wata ba. Masanan kimiyyar sun gano cewa dutsen ya ci gaba ne a cikin wani yanayi mai oxidising, wanda zai yi wuya a duniyar wata.
A cewar Nemchin, wadannan abubuwan lura sun ba da muhimmiyar shaida cewa ba a halicci dutsen a wata ba, amma ya samo asali ne daga duniya. Bai kawar da ra'ayin cewa dutsen ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya na ɗan lokaci akan wata ba, amma ya kammala da cewa hakan ba zai yuwu ba.
Madadin haka, masu binciken sun ba da shawarar wata yuwuwar daban. Sun yi hasashen cewa an mayar da dutsen zuwa wata bayan halittarsa, mai yiwuwa sakamakon tasirin da asteroid ya yi a duniya biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce.
A bisa wannan ra'ayi, tauraron ya yi karo da Duniya biliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata, inda ya saki tarkace da duwatsu zuwa sararin samaniya, wasu daga cikinsu sun sauka kan wata.
Wannan ra'ayin zai bayyana dalilin da ya sa dutsen ya bayyana yana da sinadarai masu dacewa da yanayi na duniya maimakon yanayin duniyar wata. Hakanan ya dace da imani game da nau'in tashin bama-bamai da ya canza Duniya biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce.
A cewar masana da yawa, asteroids da meteorites mai yiwuwa sun buge duniya a lokacin farkon farkon ci gabanta, wanda ya haifar da babbar matsala a samanta.
Haka kuma, ana kyautata zaton cewa wata ya kusan kusantar duniya sau uku a wannan zamanin, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mai yiyuwa ne ma wata tarkacen shawagi ya yi tasiri a sakamakon wadannan karon.
Idan wannan ra'ayin ya yi daidai, dutsen da ma'aikatan Apollo 14 suka dawo da shi na ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin duwatsun ƙasa da aka taɓa ganowa. Binciken zircon ya sanya shekarun dutsen a kusan shekaru biliyan 4, wanda ya sa ya ɗan ƙanƙanta fiye da kristal zircon da aka samu a Yammacin Ostiraliya a matsayin sanannen dutsen duniya.
Waɗannan tsaffin duwatsu na iya zama ƙanƙanta, duwatsu marasa ɗauka, amma duk da haka suna da yuwuwar canza iliminmu na farkon abubuwan duniya.
A sama, wannan babban ra'ayi ne na ilimin kimiyya. Amma akwai kama mai ban mamaki a cikin wannan binciken. A cewar wasu masana, dutsen bai isa ga duniyar wata ba ta dabi'a, amma ta wasu hanyoyi na wucin gadi. Suna da'awar wannan, suna yin imani da Silurian hasashe.
Hasashen Silurian a zahiri yana nuna cewa mutane ba su ne nau'ikan rayuwa na farko da suka samo asali a duniyarmu ba kuma da cewa da akwai abubuwan da suka gabata shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata, da kusan dukkanin shaidun su sun ɓace a yanzu.
Don fayyace, masanin kimiyyar lissafi kuma marubucin bincike Adam Frank ya bayyana a cikin wani yanki na Atlantic, "Ba akai-akai ka buga takarda da ke ba da hasashen da ba ka goyan baya." Wato, ba su yi imani da wanzuwar tsohuwar wayewar zamanin Iyayen Zamani da Mutanen Lizard ba. Maimakon haka, manufarsu ita ce su gano yadda za mu iya gano shaidar tsofaffin wayewa a duniyoyi masu nisa.
Yana iya zama mai ma'ana cewa zamu shaida shaidar irin wannan wayewar - bayan haka, dinosaur sun wanzu shekaru miliyan 100 da suka wuce, kuma mun san wannan saboda an gano burbushin su. Sun kasance, duk da haka, kusan fiye da shekaru miliyan 150.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci domin ba wai kawai shekaru nawa ne ko faɗin rugujewar wannan wayewar da za ta kasance ba. Hakanan game da tsawon lokacin da aka yi shi ne. Dan Adam ya faɗaɗa ko'ina cikin duniya cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci mai ban mamaki - kusan shekaru 100,000.
Idan wani nau'in ya yi iri ɗaya, damar mu na samunsa a cikin tarihin ƙasa zai yi ƙasa sosai. Binciken da Frank da mawallafin sa Gavin Schmidt suka yi na nufin gano hanyoyin gano wayewar zamani.
Don haka, shin waɗancan masanan za su iya zama daidai? Shin hakan yana yiwuwa kusan shekaru biliyan 4 da suka gabata, ci gaban wayewa kamar mu ya bunƙasa a wannan duniyar kuma sun sami damar yin tasiri a saman duniyar wata. Mun san cewa duniya tana da shekaru biliyan 4.54, amma wannan hasashe ne kawai, babu wanda zai iya gamawa daidai lokacin da aka halicci duniya, da kuma yawan wayewar da ta gani a tarihinta.
